GENETICALLY MODIFIED MOUSE EXPRESSING HUMAN APOE4 AND MOUSE TREM2 P.R47H AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
Genetically modified mice characterized by one or more symptoms or signs associated with expression of human APOE4p and mouse Trem2p and relevant to non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease are provided wherein the genome of the mouse includes: 1) a DNA sequence encoding a human APOE4 protein (APOE4p) operably linked to a promoter; and 2) a DNA sequence encoding a mouse Trem2 protein having a mutation p.R47H (Trem2p) operably linked to a promoter, such that the mouse expresses human APOE4p and mouse Trem2p. Methods are provided for screening for a compound for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease using such genetically modified mice.
1 .- 4 . (canceled)
5 . A method for screening for a compound for use in treating Alzheimer's disease, comprising:
(a) administering a compound to a genetically modified mouse whose genome comprises (i) a first genetically modified endogenous allele comprising a nucleic acid encoding a humanized apolipoprotein E protein (APOE4p) and (ii) a second genetically modified endogenous allele comprising a nucleic acid encoding a modified mouse triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 protein (TREM2p),
wherein the modified TREM2p includes a R47H substitution relative to wild-type mouse TREM2 protein, the mouse is homozygous for the first and second genetically modified alleles, and the mouse exhibits one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease associated with expression of the humanized APOE4p and the modified mouse TREM2p; and
(b) assessing the genetically modified mouse for an effect of the compound on the one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the assessing comprises comparing the effect of the compound with a control.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the control is an effect of the compound a mouse that does not express the humanized APOE4p and the modified mouse TREM2p.
8 .- 11 . (canceled)
12 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the humanized APOE4p comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, or the nucleic acid encoding the humanized APOE4p is the complement of a nucleic acid that hybridizes to the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 under highly stringent hybridization conditions.
13 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the modified mouse TREM2p comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or the nucleic acid encoding the modified mouse TREM2p is the complement of a nucleic acid that hybridizes to the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 under highly stringent hybridization conditions.
14 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the genetically modified mouse is a B6(SJL)-Apoe tm1.1(APOE*4)Adiuj Trem2 em1Adiuj /J mouse.
15 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more signs of non-familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease are selected from APOE4-dependent alterations in cholesterol metabolism, cerebrovascular leakage, and inflammation, relative to a control mouse that does not comprise the nucleic acid encoding a humanized APOE4p and the nucleic acid encoding a modified mouse TREM2p.
16 . The method of claim 5 , wherein one or more of the following genes is differentially expressed in the mouse, relative to a control mouse that does not comprise the nucleic acid encoding a humanized APOE4p and the nucleic acid encoding a modified mouse TREM2p: Pcsk2, Mapk10, Mapk9, Prkcq, Slc18a2, Plcb2, Slc6a4, Gng2, Prkcq, Akt3, Gnao1, Plcb3, Arrb2, Il6, Myh10, Gng2, Cnr1, Stx1a, Arrb2, Unc13a, Cdk5, Calb1, Slc6a4, Gria4, Cnr1, Thy1, Mapk10, Hcn1, Cdk5, Chl1, Il6, Mapk9, Myh10, Uchl1, Cnr1, Amph, Cdk5, Calb1, Chl1, Slc6a4, Chmp2b, Akt3, Mapk10, Mapk9, Casp7, Prkcq, Cnr1, Slc18a2, and Gnao1.
17 . A method comprising modifying a mouse genome to express a humanized APOE4 protein (APOE4p) and a modified mouse TREM2 protein (TREM2p), wherein the modified TREM2p includes a R47H substitution.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the humanized APOE4p comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and/or the modified mouse TREM2p comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the mouse is modified using a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) gene editing system.
20 . A method comprising modifying a mouse stem cell to express a humanized APOE4 protein and a modified mouse TREM2 protein (TREM2p), wherein the modified mouse TREM2p includes a R47H substitution.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the humanized APOE4p comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and/or the modified mouse TREM2p comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
22 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the mouse stem cell is modified using a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) gene editing system.
23 . The method of claim 20 further comprising introducing the mouse stem cell into a mouse embryo.
24 . The method of claim 23 further comprising introducing the mouse embryo into a pseudopregnant female mouse.