CATIONIC SURFACTANT AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAME
A cationic surfactant is disclosed. The cationic surfactant has the general formula: where Z is a siloxane moiety or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl moiety having from 5 to 20 carbon atoms, D is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group, D 1 is a divalent linking group, R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, each R 1 is an independently selected unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, subscript a is 1 or 2, and each X is an anion. A method of preparing the cationic surfactant is also disclosed.
1 . A cationic surfactant having general formula (I):
wherein Z is an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl moiety having from 5 to 20 carbon atoms; D is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group; D 1 is a divalent linking group; R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; each R 1 is an independently selected unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; subscript a is 1 or 2; and each X is an anion.
2 . The cationic surfactant of claim 1 , wherein: (i) the unsubstituted hydrocarbyl moiety Z is an alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms; (ii) subscript a is 1 and R is H; (iii) D is the covalent bond; or (iv) any combination of (i) to (iii).
3 . (canceled)
4 . (canceled)
5 . (canceled)
6 . (canceled)
7 . The cationic surfactant of claim 1 , wherein D is the divalent linking group, and wherein: (i) the divalent linking group D is a branched or linear alkylene group; or (ii) the divalent linking group D has formula -D 2 -NY-D 2 -, where each D 2 is an independently selected divalent linking group, and Y is H or -(D 1 -NR 1 3 ) + X − , where D 1 , R 1 , and X are as defined above.
8 . The cationic surfactant of claim 7 , wherein the divalent linking group D has formula -D 2 -NY-D 2 -, where each D 2 and Y are as defined above, and wherein: (i) each D 2 is an independently selected alkylene group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; (ii) Y is -(D 1 -NR 1 3 ) + X − , where D 1 , R 1 , and X are as defined above; or (iii) both (i) and (ii).
9 . The cationic surfactant of claim 1 , wherein: (i) each D 1 is —CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 —; (ii) each R 1 is methyl; (iii) each X is Cl; or (iv) any combination of (i) to (iii).
10 . A method of preparing a cationic surfactant, said method comprising:
reacting (A) an amine compound and (B) a quaternary ammonium compound to give the cationic surfactant;
wherein the amine compound (A) has the general formula (II):
where Z is an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl moiety having from 5 to 20 carbon atoms, D is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group, and R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
wherein the quaternary ammonium compound (B) has the general formula (III):
where R 8 is an amine-reactive group; each R 1 is an independently selected unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and X is an anion; and
wherein the cationic surfactant is the cationic surfactant of claim 1 .
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein: (i) D is the divalent linking group; (ii) R is H; or (iii) both (i) and (ii).
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein D is the divalent linking group, and wherein: (i) the divalent linking group D is a branched or linear alkylene group; or (ii) the divalent linking group D has formula -D 2 -NH-D 2 -, where each D 2 is an independently selected divalent linking group.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein (i) the unsubstituted hydrocarbyl moiety Z is an alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms; (ii) R is H; (iii) D is the covalent bond; or (iv) any combination of (i) to (iii).
14 . The method of claim 10 , wherein: (i) R 8 is an epoxypropyl group; (ii) each R 1 is methyl; (iii) each X is Cl; or (iv) any combination of (i) to (iii).
15 . A cationic surfactant prepared in accordance with the method of claim 10 .