Granted Patent B2

US 12,577,488 · App. 18/624,873 · Granted Mar 17, 2026

Inventors: James A. Mennell (Brighton, UT); Daniel J. Despen (Oakdale, MN)

Assignee: Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC

C10L5/447B01J21/18C01B32/312C01B32/318C10B39/00C10B39/02C10B41/00C10B43/02C10B45/00C10B47/30C10B49/02C10B53/02C10B57/02C10B57/06C10B57/10C10L5/04C10L5/36C10L5/363C10L5/365C10L5/366C10L5/442C21B5/007C21C5/52C22B4/02H01B1/04C10L2200/0204C10L2200/025C10L2200/0469C10L2290/02C10L2290/06C10L2290/08C10L2290/145C10L2290/28C10L2290/30C10L2290/50C10L2290/52C10L2290/58C10L2290/60C21B13/0066Y02E50/10Y02E50/30Y02P10/143Y02P20/129Y02P20/145Y02W10/30Y02W10/37

Abstract

Claims (24)

1 . A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent, the method comprising:

performing a first carbonization of a feedstock, thereby producing a first carbonized material, wherein the feedstock comprises biomass;

applying an additive to the first carbonized material, thereby achieving penetration of the additive into the first carbonized material, and thereby producing a treated first carbonized material, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of acids, bases, or salts thereof, or wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal halides, and combinations thereof;

drying the treated first carbonized material, thereby reducing a moisture content of the treated first carbonized material, thereby producing a dried material;

performing a second carbonization, of the dried material, thereby producing a second carbonized material, wherein the second carbonization is achieved using a sweep gas; and

cooling the second carbonized material.

2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises an about 1% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide.

3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein achieving penetration of the additive into the feedstock is achieved by allowing the additive to penetrate the feedstock for about 30 minutes.

4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the performing the first carbonization is achieved using a temperature of about 650° C., a residence time of about 30 minutes, and a pressure of at least about-2 psi to at most about +2 psi.

5 . The process of claim 1 , where the performing the second carbonization is achieved using a temperature of about 680° C., a residence time of about 30 minutes, and a pressure of at least about-0.1 psi to at most about-2 psi.

6 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing interstitial oxygen from the feedstock or the dried material, thereby removing oxygen from the feedstock or dried material.

7 . The process of claim 6 , wherein the removing is achieved by penetrating the biomass feedstock with a gas that has at most about 21 vol % of O 2 .

8 . The process of claim 7 , wherein the gas comprises nitrogen, CO, CO2, or a combination thereof.

9 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising, before the second carbonization: introducing the biomass feedstock, treated feedstock, or dried treated feedstock into an enclosed material transport unit; and introducing an inert gas into the enclosed material transport unit, thereby forcing ambient air out of the enclosed material transport system.

10 . The process of claim 9 , further comprising heating the inert gas, wherein the heating the inert gas occurs before the introducing the inert gas into the enclosed material transport unit.

11 . The process of claim 9 , wherein the forcing ambient air out of the enclosed material transport system achieves an oxygen level in the enclosed material transport unit of not more than about 2% oxygen, not more than about 1% oxygen, not more than about 0.5% oxygen, or not more than about 0.2% oxygen.

12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen level of the environment for the first carbonization, second carbonization, or the cooling is about 0.5% to about 1.0%.

13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the sweep gas comprises a substantially inert gas.

14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the sweep gas comprises about 32% carbon dioxide, 8% steam, 10% carbon monoxide, and 50% nitrogen.

15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein a solids residence time for the first carbonization is at least about 5 min to at most about 60 min.

16 . The process of claim 1 , wherein a solids residence time for the second carbonization is at least about 10 min to at most about 120 min.

17 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the second carbonization is achieved using a temperature of at least about 250° C. to at most about 700° C.

18 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling is achieved using a temperature of at least about 100° C. to at most about 550° C.

19 . The process of claim 1 , wherein, during the cooling, secondary pyrolysis reactions occur, wherein the secondary pyrolysis reactions comprise: condensation of carbon-containing gases, thereby forming additional fixed carbon, formation of bonds between adsorbed species and the fixed carbon, or conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide plus fixed carbon (Boudouard reaction).

Assignments (4)

Continuity (23)

References Cited (400)