Basement rock hybrid drilling
A method for monitoring and controlling a downhole pressure of a well during formation of a borehole of a well is provided. The method can include monitoring a downhole pressure of a well during formation of a borehole of the well using a millimeter wave drilling apparatus including a waveguide configured for insertion into the borehole. The monitoring can include determining the downhole pressure. The downhole pressure can include an amount of pressure present at a bottom of the well. The method can also include determining a lithostatic pressure of rock surrounding the well at the bottom of the well. The method can further include controlling the downhole pressure relative to the lithostatic pressure of the rock surrounding the well at the bottom of the well. Related systems performing the methods are also provided.
1. A method comprising:
monitoring a rate of penetration of a drilling apparatus during formation of a first portion of a borehole of a well using the drilling apparatus, wherein the drilling apparatus includes a drill bit for mechanical removal of material from within the borehole, the monitoring further comprising generating a spatial orientation of a bottom hole assembly of the drilling apparatus and determining the rate of penetration based on the generated spatial orientation of the bottom hole assembly;
determining a depth of the first portion of the borehole at which the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falls below a rate of penetration threshold;
determining, based at least on the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falling below the rate of penetration threshold, to utilize a millimeter drilling apparatus including a waveguide configured for insertion into the borehole; and
forming a second portion of the borehole utilizing the millimeter wave drilling apparatus, wherein the second portion of the borehole is formed starting from the depth at which the rate of penetration fell below the rate of penetration threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drilling apparatus is configured to perform a drilling method selected from rotary drilling, percussion drilling, churn drilling, or diamond drilling.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the millimeter wave drilling apparatus and the waveguide are operated to form the second portion of the borehole to a final depth of the borehole that is greater than the determined depth at which at which the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falls below the rate of penetration threshold.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the final depth is between 5,001 meters and 35,000 meters.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the determined depth is between 4,000 meters and 5,000 meters.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of penetration is determined based on logging while drilling records acquired prior to forming the first portion of the borehole.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of penetration is an effective rate of penetration determined based on an amount of time the drilling apparatus is inactive while forming the first portion of the borehole.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the rate of penetration threshold is an effective rate of penetration threshold corresponding to the effective rate of penetration and the effective rate of penetration threshold is between 0.5 and 2.0 mm/s.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the depth of the first portion of the borehole at which the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falls below the rate of penetration threshold includes basement rock present at the depth.
10. A system comprising:
a drilling apparatus including a drill bit for mechanical removal of material while forming a first portion of a borehole of a well;
a millimeter wave drilling apparatus including a gyrotron configured to inject millimeter wave radiation energy into the borehole while forming a second portion of the borehole via a waveguide inserted into the second portion of the borehole; and
a computing system operably coupled to the drilling apparatus and the millimeter wave drilling apparatus, the computing system including at least one data processor and a memory storing computer-readable instructions, which when executed by the at least one data processor cause the at least one data processor to perform operations comprising
monitoring a rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus during formation of the first portion of borehole, the monitoring further comprising generating a spatial orientation of a bottom hole assembly of the drilling apparatus and determining the rate of penetration based on the generated spatial orientation of the bottom hole assembly,
determining a depth of the borehole at which the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falls below a rate of penetration threshold, and
determining, based at least on the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falling below the rate of penetration threshold, to utilize the millimeter drilling apparatus during formation of the second portion of the borehole.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the drilling apparatus is configured to perform a drilling method selected from rotary drilling, percussion drilling, churn drilling, or diamond drilling.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the millimeter wave drilling apparatus and the waveguide are operated to form the second portion of the borehole to a final depth of the borehole that is greater than the determined depth at which at which the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falls below the rate of penetration threshold.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the final depth is between 5,001 meters and 35,000 meters.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the determined depth is between 4,000 meters and 5,000 meters.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the rate of penetration is determined based on logging while drilling records acquired prior to forming the first portion of the borehole.
16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the rate of penetration is an effective rate of penetration determined based on an amount of time the drilling apparatus is inactive while forming the first portion of the borehole.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the rate of penetration threshold is an effective rate of penetration threshold corresponding to the effective rate of penetration and the effective rate of penetration threshold is between 0.5 and 2.0 mm/s.
18. The system of claim 10 , wherein the depth of the first portion of the borehole at which the rate of penetration of the drilling apparatus falls below the rate of penetration threshold includes basement rock present at the depth.