Millimeter-wave drilling system
System for drilling boreholes into subsurface formations. A gyrotron injects millimeter-wave radiation energy into the borehole and pressurization apparatus is provided for pressurizing the borehole whereby a thermal melt front at the end of the borehole propagates into the subsurface formations. In another aspect, a system for fracturing a subsurface formation is disclosed.
1. System for drilling boreholes into subsurface formations comprising:
a gyrotron for injecting millimeter-wave radiation energy into the borehole; and
pressurization apparatus for pressurizing the borehole, whereby a thermal melt front at the end of the borehole propagates into the subsurface formations.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the millimeter-wave radiation energy is in the frequency range of 30 to 300 GHz.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the borehole is pressurized by a combination of the pressurization apparatus and by volatilized material.
4. The system of claim 1 further including a waveguide extending into the borehole.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the waveguide is corrugated with circumferential grooves having a spacing and depth dependent on the millimeter-wave energy wavelength.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein there are approximately three circumferential grooves per wavelength and having a depth of approximately one-quarter wavelength.
7. The system of claim 4 wherein the waveguide is metallic.
8. The system of claim 4 wherein the waveguide is spaced apart from the melt.
9. The system of claim 4 wherein the waveguide is smaller in diameter than the borehole to create an annular gap between the waveguide and borehole.
10. The system of claim 1 further including a window along with having flowing gas across the waveguide.
11. The system of claim 1 further including an isolator to prevent damage from reflected millimeter-wave radiation.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein initially the borehole is established by conventional rotary drilling to a selected depth.
13. The system of claim 1 further including a separate millimeter-wave system to provide borehole diagnostics.
14. The system of claim 1 further including a minor to provide substantially horizontal drilling.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein the mirror can be turned.
16. The system of claim 14 further including water cooling of the mirror.
17. The system of claim 1 wherein the system forms a wall of glassy material around the borehole.