Module-based energy systems having converter-source modules and methods related thereto
Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.
1. A modular battery pack system controllable to supply power, the modular battery pack system comprising:
at least three converter module arrays, each converter module array of the at least three converter module arrays comprising at least three arrayed converter modules electrically coupled together to output an AC voltage signal comprising a superposition of output voltages from each arrayed converter module of the at least three arrayed converter modules,
wherein each arrayed converter module comprises an energy source, an energy buffer, and a converter,
wherein, for each arrayed converter module, a first output of the converter is coupled to a first port of the arrayed converter module, and a second output of the converter is coupled to a second port of the arrayed converter module,
wherein each converter module array of the at least three converter module arrays has M arrayed converter modules, with M being a positive integer,
wherein, for each converter module array of the at least three converter module arrays, the second port of each converter module of a first arrayed converter module through an M−1 arrayed converter module is coupled to a first port of an adjacent arrayed converter module within the converter module array, and
wherein the first port of the M−1 arrayed converter module of a first converter module array is coupled to the second port of the M arrayed converter module of a third converter module array, the first port of the M−1 arrayed converter module of a second converter module array is coupled to the second port of the M arrayed converter module of the first converter module array, and the first port of the M−1 arrayed converter module of the third converter module array is coupled to the second port of the M arrayed converter module of the second converter module array.
2. The modular battery pack system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second and third converter module arrays is configured to output an AC voltage signal having a different phase angle for a three phase motor.
3. The modular battery pack system of claim 1 , wherein each arrayed converter module is controllable to selectively output a positive DC output voltage, a zero output voltage, or a negative DC output voltage from the energy source of the arrayed converter module.
4. The modular battery pack system of claim 1 , wherein for each arrayed converter module, a first output of the energy source and a second output of the energy source are coupled to a first input of the energy buffer and a second input of the energy buffer, respectively, and
wherein a first output of the energy buffer and a second output of the energy buffer are coupled to a first input of the converter and a second input of the converter, respectively.
5. The modular battery pack system of claim 4 , wherein for each arrayed converter module, the energy source comprises an ultra-capacitor, a battery module, a fuel cell, or a fuel cell module.
6. The modular battery pack system of claim 4 , wherein for each arrayed converter module, the energy buffer comprises a capacitor, a Z-source network, or a quasi-Z-source network.
7. The modular battery pack system of claim 4 , wherein for each arrayed converter module, the converter comprises a plurality of switches, wherein each converter is configured to generate three different voltage outputs based on different combinations of the plurality of switches.
8. The modular battery pack system of claim 7 , further comprising control circuitry configured to control, using a plurality of switching signals, the plurality of switches of each arrayed converter module, wherein the control circuitry comprises a master control device and a plurality of local control devices, wherein each local control device of the plurality of local control devices is communicatively coupled with a respective arrayed converter module, and wherein the master control device is communicatively coupled to each local control device of the plurality of local control devices.
9. The modular battery pack system of claim 8 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to control, for each converter module array, the at least three arrayed converter modules to balance intraphase state of charge.
10. The modular battery pack system of claim 8 , wherein the master control device is configured to output information to the plurality of local control devices, wherein the information comprises normalized voltage reference waveforms and modulation indexes, and wherein the plurality of local control devices are configured to generate pulse width modulated switch signals with the information received from the master control device.
11. The modular battery pack system of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of local control devices are configured to output state of charge information, about the at least three arrayed converter modules of each converter module array to the master control device.
12. The modular battery pack system of claim 8 , wherein each local control device of the plurality of local control devices is configured to:
receive a reference signal and a modulation index from a master control device;
modulate or scale the reference signal using the modulation index; and
use the modulated or scaled reference signal for generation of the plurality of switching signals.
13. The modular battery pack system of claim 12 , wherein each local control device of the plurality of local control devices comprises a balancing controller, wherein the balancing controller comprises:
a peak detector circuit configured to detect a peak value of the reference signal; and
a divider circuit configured to generate a normalized reference signal by dividing the reference signal by the peak value of the reference signal, wherein the balancing controller is configured to modulate scale the normalized reference signal by the modulation index to produce the modulated or scaled reference signal.
14. The modular battery pack system of claim 13 , wherein the local control device is configured to generate the plurality of switching signals using pulse width modulation.
15. The modular battery pack system of claim 1 , wherein the first port of the first arrayed converter module of each converter module array is connected to a respective output terminal of the converter module array in which the arrayed converter module is included.
16. The modular battery pack system of claim 1 , wherein each of the converter module arrays is configured to output an AC voltage waveform having a different phase angle for a motor.