Compact Balanced Integrated Circuit Amplifier
Illustrative embodiments provide a compact, integrated circuit quadrature amplifier, with differential inputs and a single-ended output that is smaller than conventional quadrature amplifiers. Preferred embodiments include a quadrature combining apparatus and a corresponding balun apparatus in one small circuit.
1 . An integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier comprising:
a multi-layer integrated circuit fabricated on a unitary substrate, the multi-layer integrated circuit comprising a plurality of circuit elements all on the unitary substrate, the plurality of circuit elements comprising:
a differential input circuit comprising:
a differential input port;
a quadrature splitter circuit having a differential input electrically coupled to the differential input port, a first differential output and a second differential output, the quadrature splitter configured to produce an in-phase differential signal on the first differential output and a quadrature differential signal on the second differential output, the quadrature differential signal in quadrature with the in-phase output signal;
a first differential amplifier circuit having a first amplifier differential input in electrical communication with the first differential output of the quadrature splitter circuit, and a first amplifier differential output, the first differential amplifier circuit configured to produce, at the first amplifier differential output, a first differential output signal;
a second differential amplifier circuit having a second amplifier differential input in electrical communication with the second differential output of the quadrature splitter circuit, and a second amplifier differential output, the second differential amplifier circuit configured to produce, at the second amplifier differential output, a second differential output signal in quadrature with the first differential output signal; and
a quadrature combiner circuit comprising:
a first differential quadrature combiner input port coupled to the first amplifier differential output to receive the first differential output signal; and
a second differential quadrature combiner input port coupled to the second amplifier differential output to receive the second differential output signal;
a differential quadrature combiner output port;
the combiner circuit configured to combine the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal into a single differential combined RF signal, and
a differential to single-ended output balun having an output balun differential input coupled to the differential quadrature combiner output port to receive the differential combined RF signal, the differential to single-ended output balun configured to produce, from the differential combined RF signal, a single-ended RF output signal;
a single-ended output port in electrical communication with the differential to single-ended output balun to receive the single-ended RF output signal.
2 . The integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the quadrature splitter circuit further comprises a first differential termination output port.
3 . The integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the combiner circuit further comprises a combiner circuit differential termination output port.
4 . The integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the differential to single-ended output balun is not a transformer.
5 . The integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier of claim 1 , further comprising a unitary integrated circuit package, the unitary substrate and the plurality of circuit elements sealed within the unitary integrated circuit package.
6 . The integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the unitary substrate comprises a silicon substrate.
7 . The integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the unitary substrate comprises a silicon-on-insulator substrate.
8 . A method of processing a differential radiofrequency input signal, the method comprising:
providing integrated circuit radio frequency signal balanced amplifier comprising:
a multi-layer integrated circuit fabricated on a unitary substrate, the multi-layer integrated circuit comprising a plurality of circuit elements all on the unitary substrate, the plurality of circuit elements comprising:
a differential input circuit comprising:
a differential input port;
a quadrature splitter circuit having a differential input electrically coupled to the differential input port, a first differential output and a second differential output, the quadrature splitter circuit configured to produce an in-phase differential signal on the first differential output and a quadrature differential signal on the second differential output, the in-phase differential signal in quadrature with the direct quadrature signal;
a first differential amplifier circuit having a first amplifier differential input in electrical communication with the first differential output of the quadrature splitter circuit, and a first amplifier differential output, the first differential amplifier circuit configured to produce, at the first amplifier differential output, a first differential output signal;
a second differential amplifier circuit having a second amplifier differential input in electrical communication with the second differential output of the quadrature splitter circuit, and a second amplifier differential output, the second differential amplifier circuit configured to produce, at the second amplifier differential output, a second differential output signal in quadrature with the first differential output signal; and
a quadrature combiner circuit comprising:
a first differential quadrature combiner input port coupled to the first amplifier differential output to receive the first differential output signal; and
a second differential quadrature combiner input port coupled to the second amplifier differential output to receive the second differential output signal;
a differential quadrature combiner output port;
the quadrature combiner circuit configured to combine the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal into a single differential combined RF signal, and
a differential to single-ended output balun having an output balun differential input coupled to the differential quadrature combiner output port to receive the differential combined RF signal, the differential to single-ended output balun configured to produce, from the differential combined RF signal, a single-ended RF output signal;
a single-ended output port in electrical communication with the differential to single-ended output balun to receive the single-ended RF output signal;
coupling an input differential radiofrequency signal to the differential input port of the differential input circuit, to produce, by the differential input circuit, the in-phase differential signal and the quadrature differential signal;
amplifying the in-phase differential signal in the first differential amplifier circuit to produce an amplified in-phase differential signal;
amplifying the quadrature differential signal in the second differential amplifier circuit to produce an amplified quadrature differential signal;
coupling the amplified in-phase differential signal to the combiner circuit and coupling the amplified quadrature differential signal the combiner circuit to produce, by the combiner circuit, a single-ended RF output signal.
9 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising processing the input differential radiofrequency signal with digital predistortion prior to coupling the input differential radiofrequency signal to the differential input port of the differential input circuit.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein: the quadrature splitter circuit further comprises a first differential termination output port.
11 . The method of claim 8 , wherein: the combiner circuit further comprises a combiner circuit differential termination output port.
12 . The method of claim 8 , wherein: differential to single-ended output balun is not a transformer.
13 . The method of claim 8 , wherein: the integrated circuit radio frequency signal amplifier is sealed within a single unitary integrated circuit package.
14 . The method of claim 8 , wherein: the unitary substrate comprises a silicon substrate.
15 . The method of claim 8 , wherein: wherein the unitary substrate comprises a silicon-on-insulator substrate.
16 . An apparatus comprising:
a multi-layer integrated circuit fabricated on a unitary substrate, the multi-layer integrated circuit comprising a plurality of circuit elements all on the unitary substrate, the plurality of circuit elements comprising:
a differential input circuit comprising:
a differential input port;
a quadrature splitter circuit having a differential input electrically coupled to the differential input port, a first differential output and a second differential output, the quadrature splitter circuit integrated on a plurality of layers of the multi-layer integrated circuit and configured to produce an in-phase differential signal on the first differential output and a quadrature differential signal on the second differential output, the quadrature differential signal in quadrature with the in-phase output signal;
a first differential amplifier circuit having a first amplifier differential input in electrical communication with the first differential output of the quadrature splitter circuit, and a first amplifier differential output, the first differential amplifier circuit configured to produce, at the first amplifier differential output, a first differential output signal;
a second differential amplifier circuit having a second amplifier differential input in electrical communication with the second differential output of the quadrature splitter circuit, and a second amplifier differential output, the second differential amplifier circuit configured to produce, at the second amplifier differential output, a second differential output signal in quadrature with the first differential output signal; and
combiner means for producing a single differential combined RF signal from the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal;
means for producing, from the differential combined RF signal, a single-ended RF output signal; and
a single-ended output port in electrical communication with the differential to single-ended output balun to receive the single-ended RF output signal.
17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein: the means for producing, from the differential combined RF signal, a single-ended RF output signal is not a transformer.
18 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein: the quadrature combiner means comprises a first differential termination output port.
19 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein: wherein the unitary substrate comprises a silicon substrate.
20 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein: the unitary substrate and the multi-layer integrated circuit are sealed within a single unitary integrated circuit package.