Implantable medical device with varied composition and porosity, and method for forming same
A method for forming a thermoplastic body having regions with varied material composition and/or porosity. Powder blends comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a sacrificial porogen and an inorganic reinforcement or filler are molded to form complementary parts with closely toleranced mating surfaces. The parts are formed discretely, assembled and compression molded to provide a unitary article that is free from discernible boundaries between the assembled parts. Each part in the assembly has differences in composition and/or porosity, and the assembly has accurate physical features throughout the sections of the formed article, without distortion and nonuniformities caused by variable compaction and densification rates in methods that involve compression molding powder blends in a single step.
1 . A method for forming a unitary article, comprising the following steps:
i. provide at least two powder blends, each of the at least two powder blends being selected from the group consisting of at least one polymer powder, at least one polymer powder with at least one porogen powder, at least one polymer powder with at least one inorganic particle powder, and at least one polymer powder with at least one porogen powder and at least one inorganic particle powder, such that the at least two powder blends differ from one another in terms of content of the polymer powder, content of the porogen powder, content of the inorganic particle powder, or a combination thereof;
ii. dispense each of the at least two powder blends into at least one mold;
iii. compact each of the at least two powder blends into two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces;
iv. assemble the two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces to form an article assembly;
v. compression mold the article assembly to form a unitary article;
vi. optionally form additional features in the unitary article; and
vii. leach porogen from the unitary article.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the unitary article is a biomedical implant.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the unitary article is free from discernible boundaries between portions of the unitary article derived from the two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the unitary article is free of metals other than bioactive reinforcement particles.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein step iii. includes compacting the at least two powder blends by cold pressing.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the complementary mating surfaces of the two or more parts exhibit close tolerances for assembly.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer powder of each of the at least two powder blends is the same.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one inorganic particle powder, when present in a powder blend of the at least two powder blends, is present in the range from about 1 to about 99 percent based on the total volume of the portion of the powder blend comprising the at least one polymer powder and the at least one inorganic particle powder, and wherein the at least one porogen powder, when present in a powder blend of the at least two powder blends, is present in the range from about 1 to about 99 percent based on the total volume of the powder blend comprising the at least one polymer powder and the at least one porogen powder.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein compression molding in one or more of the steps iii. and v. includes applying compression at a specified pressure to prevent volumetric expansion during heating.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein compression molding in one or more of the steps iii. and v. includes heating to the melting point of the at least one polymer powder and then cooling to a temperature just below the melting point of the at least one polymer powder, and applying pressure that is elevated over atmospheric to mold a preform of the two or more parts or the article assembly into a monolithic body, the step of applying pressure occurring at any point in time after heating above the melting temperature of the at least one polymer powder and up to and through cooling to a temperature below the melting temperature but above the glass transition temperature of the at least one polymer powder.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further including modifying a surface of the unitary article with a surface modification process altering at least one of surface composition, surface roughness, or surface porosity.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the surface modification process is selected from the group consisting of:
a thermal spray process;
media blasting;
plasma treatment;
pressing a sacrificial porogen into the surface;
a vapor-based surface modification process;
a chemical solution deposition process;
and combinations thereof.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the surface modification process forms a superficial coating of hydroxyapatite on a surface of the unitary article.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein step iii. further includes machining at least one of the two or more parts to form the complementary mating surfaces.
15 . A method for forming a unitary article, comprising the following steps:
i. assembling two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces to form an article assembly, at least one of the two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces including at least one porogen;
ii. compression molding the article assembly to form a unitary article free from discernible boundaries between portions of the unitary article derived from the two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces;
iii. optionally forming additional features in the unitary article; and
iv. leaching the at least one porogen from the unitary article,
wherein at least one of the two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces is formed by:
dispensing a powder blend into at least one mold, the powder blend including:
at least one polymer powder;
the at least one porogen in powder form; and
optionally, at least one inorganic particle powder;
compacting the powder blend in the at least one mold to form at least one preform.
16 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein the unitary article is a biomedical implant.
17 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein the unitary article is free of metals other than bioactive reinforcement particles.
18 . A method for forming a unitary article, comprising the following steps:
i. assembling two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces to form an article assembly, at least one of the two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces including at least one porogen;
ii. compression molding the article assembly to form a unitary article free from discernible boundaries between portions of the unitary article derived from the two or more parts with complementary mating surfaces;
iii. optionally forming additional features in the unitary article; and
iv. leaching the at least one porogen from the unitary article.
19 . The method according to claim 18 , wherein the unitary article is a biomedical implant.
20 . The method according to claim 18 , wherein the unitary article is free of metals other than bioactive reinforcement particles.