Refuelable battery for the electric grid and method of using thereof
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.
1 . A refuelable battery comprising:
a battery chamber defining a first access port and a second access port;
an anode supported in the battery chamber, the anode includes at least one metal, the anode accessible in the battery chamber via the first access port;
a cathode disposed in the battery chamber;
an electrolyte in the battery chamber;
a filter area within the battery chamber; and
a circulation pump actuatable to circulate the electrolyte past the anode and the cathode and through the filter area, oxidized anode material filtrable from the electrolyte by the filter area, and the oxidized anode material removable from the filter area via the second access port.
2 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal of the anode defines a porous structure infiltratable by the electrolyte.
3 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal includes a metal powder.
4 . The refuelable battery of claim 3 , wherein the anode includes the metal powder and a binder in a packed bed.
5 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode includes iron or an iron alloy.
6 . The refuelable battery of claim 5 , wherein the oxidized anode material filtrable from the electrolyte by the filter area includes Fe(OH) 2 , Fe(OH) 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , FeOOH, or a combination thereof.
7 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode includes a gas diffusion electrode through which oxygen is movable into the battery chamber.
8 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an alkaline solution of one or more dissolved hydroxides dissolved in water.
9 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes a hydrogen evolution reaction inhibitor.
10 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes a sulfide salt.
11 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , wherein the filter area includes a foam in which the oxidized anode material is trappable.
12 . The refuelable battery of claim 11 , wherein the foam is seeded with a metal hydroxide.
13 . The refuelable battery of claim 12 , wherein the metal hydroxide includes calcium hydroxide.
14 . The refuelable battery of claim 1 , further comprising a valve in fluid communication between the filter area and the anode, the valve actuatable to isolate the anode and the cathode in the battery chamber as the oxidized anode material is removed from the filter area via the second access port.