Trailer-based energy capture and management
A through-the-road (TTR) hybridization strategy is proposed to facilitate introducing hybrid electric vehicle technology in a significant portion of current and expected trucking fleets. In some cases, the technologies can be retrofitted onto an existing vehicle (e.g., a trailer, a tractor-trailer configuration, etc.). In some cases, the technologies can be built into new vehicles. In some cases, one vehicle may be built or retrofitted to operate in tandem with another and provide the hybridization benefits contemplated herein. By supplementing motive forces delivered through a primary drivetrain and fuel-fed engine with supplemental torque delivered at one or more electrically-powered drive axles, improvements in overall fuel efficiency and performance may be delivered, typically without significant redesign of existing components and systems that have been proven in the trucking industry.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a towed vehicle for use in combination with a towing vehicle, the towed vehicle having an electrically powered drive axle; and
a computer system comprising a processing component and a system memory component containing one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed using the processing component, cause the computer system, based in part on trailer data associated with a plurality of characteristics of the towed vehicle, to:
determine a first plurality of torques to be applied by the towing vehicle;
determine a second plurality of torques to be applied by the electrically powered drive axle at the towed vehicle;
map the first plurality of torques onto a first fuel usage map;
map the second plurality of torques onto an energy usage map; and
select, based on the first fuel usage map and the energy usage map, an optimal combination of a first torque from the first plurality of torques and a second torque from the second plurality of torques.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of torques include a range of torque values that the towing vehicle provides.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of torques includes a range of torque values that the towed vehicle provides.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , the one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed using the processing component, further cause the computer system, based in part on the trailer data associated with the plurality of characteristics of the towed vehicle, to:
assess kinematic variables and computationally estimated operational states based on operating parameters of the towing vehicle,
estimate a total amount of torque required to maintain movement of the towed vehicle and the towing vehicle at a constant velocity,
estimate an amount of torque applied by the towing vehicle, and
estimate, based on the optimal combination of a first torque from the first plurality of torques and a second torque from the second plurality of torques, a specific amount of torque to be generated by the electrically powered drive axle based on the estimated total amount of torque and the estimated amount of torque applied by the towing vehicle, where the electrically powered drive axle is to provide the specific amount of torque to the towing vehicle.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , the one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed using the processing component, further cause the computer system, based in part on the trailer data associated with the plurality of characteristics of the towed vehicle, to:
determine a set of corresponding torque values by calculating a difference between the estimated total amount of torque and the second plurality of torques;
generate, using the set of corresponding torque values, the first fuel usage map for the towing vehicle;
generate, using the set of corresponding torque values, the energy usage map for the towed vehicle;
convert the energy usage map for the towed vehicle to a second fuel usage map for the towed vehicle;
determine a combined usage map by subtracting the second fuel usage map for the towed vehicle from the first fuel usage map for the towing vehicle; and
determine, using the combined usage map, the optimal combination of the first torque from the first plurality of torques and the second torque from the second plurality of torques.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising an auxiliary power unit (APU) interface to supply electrical power from an energy store to the towing vehicle.
7. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the electrically powered drive axle is configured to supply supplemental torque to one or more wheels of the towed vehicle, the supplemental torque being a supplement to the torque applied by the towing vehicle.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the supplemental torque is modulated by an electric drive controller using an equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) or adaptive ECMS control strategy and the data associated with the plurality of characteristics.
9. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the electrically powered drive axle is configured to supplement primary motive forces applied through a fuel-fed engine and a separate drivetrain of the towing vehicle.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the primary motive forces are supplemented while the towed vehicle travels over a roadway and in any of a power assist mode, a regeneration mode, and a passive mode.
11. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising an energy store on the towed vehicle, the energy store configured to supply the electrically powered drive axle with electrical power.
12. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising an energy store on the towed vehicle, the energy store configured to receive energy recovered using the drive axle in a regenerative braking mode of operation.
13. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the operating parameters are measured using a CAN bus interface or an SAE J1939 201308 interface, wherein the operating parameters include trailer data received from one or more onboard sensors, and wherein the computationally estimated operational states include states of a fuel-fed engine and of a drive train.