Pyrolysis reactor system and method
A system and method for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis conduit and a solids return conduit segment. Each segment is configured with an outlet and an inlet to receive and discharge solid materials that are circulated through the reactor through the different segments. A solids conveyor is disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet. A pyrolysis feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the feedstock is converted to pyrolysis gases within the pyrolysis conduit segment, which are discharged through a gas outlet. An eductor condenser unit with an eductor assembly having a venturi-restricted flow path for receives a pressurized coolant fluid. A second flow path for receiving the discharged pyrolysis gases intersects the venturi-restricted flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid and are discharged together to a mixing chamber that is used to condense pyrolysis gases.
1 . A system for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock comprising:
a pyrolysis reactor for producing pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis feedstock to be pyrolyzed, the pyrolysis reactor comprising:
a pyrolysis conduit segment having a solids inlet at an inlet end and a solids discharge outlet at an opposite discharge end, the pyrolysis conduit segment also having at least one gas outlet for exhausting gases from the pyrolysis conduit segment, the pyrolysis conduit segment being sloped upward from the inlet end to the discharge end;
a solids return conduit segment having a discharged solids inlet at one end that is positioned below and in communication with the solids discharge outlet of the pyrolysis conduit segment for receiving solids discharged from the solids discharge outlet of the pyrolysis conduit segment and a solids return outlet at an opposite end, the solids return conduit segment being sloped downward from the discharged solids inlet end to the solids return outlet end, the solids return outlet being positioned above and in communication with the solids inlet of the pyrolysis conduit segment for delivering solids to the solids inlet; and
a solids conveyor disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet; and
an eductor condenser unit in fluid communication with the at least one gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, the eductor condenser unit comprising:
an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the at least one gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, the second flow path intersecting the first flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid, the eductor body having a discharge to allow the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases to be discharged together from the eductor; and
a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor to facilitate mixing of the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases wherein at least a portion of the pyrolysis gases are condensed within the mixing chamber.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
a mixing unit having a mixing housing defines the mixing chamber, the mixing housing being coupled to the discharge of the eductor body.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein:
the mixing chamber has mixing elements or baffles stationarily mounted within the mixing housing.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein:
the mixing elements or baffles are helical mixing elements or baffles.
5 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an upstream condenser unit in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor for condensing pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis reactor, and wherein non-condensed pyrolysis gases from the upstream condenser are discharged to and received by the second flow path of the eductor condenser unit.
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein:
the upstream condenser unit further comprises a condenser inlet clearing assembly to facilitate clearing of pyrolysis oil and/or solids buildup from an inlet of the upstream condenser unit.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein:
the upstream condenser unit further comprises a condenser inlet clearing assembly to facilitate clearing of pyrolysis oil and/or solids buildup from an inlet conduit of the upstream condenser unit, the condenser inlet clearing assembly including a plunger or piston that is closely received within the inlet conduit, the plunger or piston being movable to clear or push away any accumulated materials in the inlet conduit.
8 . The system of claim 5 , wherein:
the upstream condenser unit is a direct contact condenser.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the pyrolysis feedstock is biomass.
10 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a separating unit in fluid communication with a discharge of the mixing chamber to separate condensed pyrolysis gases, coolant fluid, and any non-condensable gases received from the eductor condenser unit.
11 . A process for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock comprising:
introducing a pyrolysis feedstock into a pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis reactor comprising:
a pyrolysis conduit segment having a solids inlet at an inlet end and a solids discharge outlet at an opposite discharge end, the pyrolysis conduit segment also having at least one gas outlet for exhausting gases from the pyrolysis conduit segment, the pyrolysis conduit segment being sloped upward from the inlet end to the discharge end;
a solids return conduit segment having a discharged solids inlet at one end that is positioned below and in communication with the solids discharge outlet of the pyrolysis conduit segment for receiving solids discharged from the solids discharge outlet of the pyrolysis conduit segment and a solids return outlet at an opposite end, the solids return conduit segment being sloped downward from the discharged solids inlet end to the solids return outlet end, the solids return outlet being positioned above and in communication with the solids inlet of the pyrolysis conduit segment for delivering solids to the solids inlet of the pyrolysis conduit segment; and
a solids conveyor disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet;
allowing at least a portion of the feedstock to be converted to pyrolysis gases in a pyrolysis reaction within the pyrolysis conduit segment;
exhausting the pyrolysis gases through the at least one gas outlet;
conducting the pyrolysis gases from the at least one gas outlet to an eductor condenser unit, the eductor condenser unit comprising:
an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the at least one gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, the second flow path intersecting the first flow path, the eductor body having a discharge to allow the discharge of fluids from the first and second flow paths to be discharged together from the eductor body; and
a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor assembly;
introducing the pyrolysis gases into the second flow path of the eductor assembly while cooling fluid is introduced into the first flow path of the eductor assembly so that the pyrolysis gases are combined with the cooling fluid to form a combined fluid stream that is discharged from the discharge of the eductor assembly; and
introducing the combined fluid stream into the mixing chamber to facilitate mixing of the combined fluid stream to form a liquid pyrolysis product.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
a mixing unit having a mixing housing defines the mixing chamber, the mixing housing being coupled to the discharge of the eductor body.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the mixing chamber has mixing elements or baffles stationarily mounted within the mixing housing.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the mixing elements or baffles are helical mixing elements or baffles.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the pyrolysis gases are initially conducted to an upstream condenser in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor; and further comprising:
condensing a portion of condensable pyrolysis gases in the upstream condenser to form a first liquid pyrolysis product;
separating any non-condensed pyrolysis gases from the first liquid pyrolysis product; and wherein
the separating non-condensed pyrolysis gases from the first liquid pyrolysis product form the pyrolysis gases conducted to the eductor condenser unit.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the upstream condenser unit further comprises a condenser inlet clearing assembly to facilitate clearing of pyrolysis oil and/or solids buildup from an inlet of the upstream condenser unit.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the upstream condenser unit further comprises a condenser inlet clearing assembly to facilitate clearing of pyrolysis oil and/or solids buildup from an inlet conduit of the upstream condenser unit, the condenser inlet clearing assembly including a plunger or piston that is closely received within the inlet conduit, the plunger or piston being moved within the inlet conduit to clear or push away any accumulated materials in the inlet conduit.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the upstream condenser unit is a direct contact condenser.
19 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the pyrolysis feedstock is biomass.
20 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
separating condensed pyrolysis gases, coolant fluid, and any non-condensable gases received from the eductor condenser unit in a separating unit in fluid communication with a discharge of the mixing chamber.