Systems and methods for adaptive power factor correction
Systems and methods for adaptive power factor correction are described that utilize a circuit that senses a current or frequency of a line and controls one or more switches to vary the capacitance of the circuit based on the measured current or frequency. Two or more branches can be used to allow for the capacitance of the circuit to be varied over time in response to a change in the measured current or frequency. Using such systems and methods, a high power factor can be maintained even for higher line frequencies and lighter loads.
1. An adaptive power factor correction system for an alternating current (AC) powered circuit, comprising:
a sensor electrically coupled to the circuit and configured to measure a current of the circuit and generate a sensor output;
an active power factor correction (APFC) unit comprising a set of branches including:
a first branch comprising a first switch serially connected with a first capacitor;
a second branch comprising a second serially connected with a second capacitor; and
a controller configured to receive the sensor output and cause the first switch to (i) close if the current of the circuit is greater than a first threshold and (ii) open if the current of the circuit is less than or equal to the first threshold.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the set of branches are connected to the circuit at one end between an output of a bridge rectifier and an inductor of the circuit.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to cause the second switch to (i) close if the current of the circuit is greater than a second threshold and (ii) open if the current of the circuit is less than or equal to the second threshold, optionally wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to open or close each of the first and second switches as a function of the current of the circuit to thereby vary a total capacitance of the circuit.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the APFC unit comprises the controller.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises a comparator circuit that receives the sensor output and causes the first switch to open or close.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first capacitor comprises a variable capacitance.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a third switch disposed between and electrically coupled with the first and second branches, and wherein the controller is further configured to receive the sensor output and cause the third switch to (i) close if the current of the circuit is greater than a third threshold and (ii) open if the current of the circuit is less than or equal to the third threshold.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein a power factor of the circuit is maintained at 0.95 leading or greater.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein a line frequency of the circuit is between 350 Hz to 800 Hz.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the set of branches comprises a third branch comprising a third switch serially connected with a third capacitor, and wherein the controller is configured to open or close each of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch as a function of the current of the circuit to thereby vary a total capacitance of the circuit.
12. A method for correcting a power factor of an alternating current (AC) powered circuit, comprising:
connecting an active power factor correction (APFC) unit between an output of a bridge rectifier and an inductor;
measuring a current of the circuit;
comparing the measured current with one or more reference values;
closing a first switch of the APFC device if the measured current is greater than a first reference value of the one or more reference values, wherein the first switch is electrically coupled in series with a first capacitor; and
closing a second switch of the APFC device if the measured current is greater than a second reference value of the one or more reference values, wherein the second reference value is greater than the first reference value, and wherein the second switch is electrically coupled in series with a second capacitor.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a sensor measures the current of the circuit, and wherein a feedback signal from the sensor is used to control the first and second switches.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
closing a third switch of the APFC device if the measured current is greater than a third reference value of the one or more reference values, wherein the third reference value is greater than the second reference value.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the third switch is electrically coupled in series with the first and second capacitors, optionally wherein the third switch is electrically coupled in series with a third capacitor.
16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
opening the second switch of the APFC device if the measured current is less than or equal to the second reference value; and
opening the first switch of the APFC device if the measured current is less than or equal to the first reference value.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the APFC unit is configured to measure the current, compared the measured current with the one or more reference values, and close the first switch or the second switch.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first capacitor comprises a variable capacitance.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein a power factor of the circuit is maintained at 0.95 leading or greater.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein a line frequency of the circuit is between 350 Hz-800 Hz.