LIGNIN CROSSLINKED WITH TRIGLYCERIDE
A material derived from functionalized lignin and triglyceride is provided where the material is crosslinked with a sulphur containing vulcanization agent. The material may have elastomeric properties.
1 - 24 . (canceled)
25 . A material obtainable by vulcanization of functionalized lignin and triglyceride using a sulphur containing vulcanization compound, wherein the lignin is at least partly functionalized with unsaturated fatty acids via a linker group and wherein at least a part of the fatty acids of the triglyceride are unsaturated.
26 . The material according to claim 25 wherein the material comprises crosslinks between unsaturated fatty acids of the functionalized lignin, the triglyceride and/or free unsaturated fatty acids via a sulphide chain wherein said chain comprises one or more sulphur atom.
27 . The material according to claim 25 wherein at least 20% of the fatty acids of the triglyceride is unsaturated fatty acids.
28 . The material according to claim 25 wherein the lignin is at least partly functionalized with unsaturated fatty acids and wherein at least a part of the unsaturated fatty acids are polyunsaturated and wherein the material comprises free fatty acids and wherein the amount of free fatty acids in the material is 0.1-25 wt %.
29 . The material according to claim 25 wherein the triglyceride is derived from one or more, or two or more of linseed oil, brazil nut oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, carinata oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, butter, peanut oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, avocado oil, used cooking oil or animal or fish fat such as tallow, schmaltz or lard or fish oil, or soap stock, acidulated soap stock, or fat from microorganisms.
30 . The material according to claim 25 wherein the weight ratio between the functionalized lignin and the triglyceride is 40-95:60-5.
31 . The material according to claim 25 wherein at least 70 weight % of the material constitutes of functionalized lignin and triglyceride.
32 . The material according to claim 25 wherein the linker group is selected from the group of ether, ester, ketone, acetal, methylene, methyne, olefin, amide, thioester, thioether, imide, imide amide, carbamate, carbamothioic acid, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, silyl oxy, silyl ether, phenoxide, furan, phosphorous acid, quaternary ammonium or hetero cycles.
33 . The material according to claim 25 wherein the lignin is at least partly functionalized with unsaturated fatty acids via a linker group wherein said linker group is an ester between hydroxyl groups of the lignin and the unsaturated fatty acids and wherein 35-100% of the hydroxyl groups of the lignin have been converted to ester groups.
34 . A composite material comprising the material according to claim 25 and fibres or particles.
35 . The composite material according to claim 34 wherein the fibres are wood fibres, cellulose fibres, polyester fibres, cotton fibres, glass fibre or carbon fibre or a mixture thereof, and wherein the particles are wood particles.
36 . The composite material according to claim 34 wherein the amount of fibres is at least 5 wt % or wherein the amount of particles is at least 50 wt %.
37 . A method of preparing a material comprising:
a) Providing functionalized lignin wherein the lignin is functionalized with unsaturated fatty acids via a linker group;
b) Providing triglyceride and a sulphur containing vulcanization compound;
c) Mixing the functionalized lignin, triglyceride and the sulphur containing vulcanization compound to obtain a mixture;
d) Optionally arranging the mixture in a mould or a die or on a surface; and
e) Heating the mixture at a curing temperature.
38 . The method according to claim 37 wherein the sulphur containing vulcanization compound is selected from elementary sulphur, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-oxydiethylene-N′-oxydiethylenethiocarbamylsulfonamide, dipentamethylenethiuramtetrasulfide, 2-morpholinodithiobenzothiazole, dithiomorpholine, capralactam disulfide or alkyl phenol disulfide or a combination of two or more of the sulphur containing vulcanization compounds and wherein the amount of sulphur containing vulcanization compound is 0.1-20 wt % of the total weight of functionalized lignin, triglyceride and sulphur containing vulcanization compound.
39 . The method according to claim 37 wherein fibres or particles are mixed with the functionalized lignin prior to heating the functionalized lignin at the curing temperature.
40 . The method according to claim 37 wherein the lignin is at least partly functionalized with unsaturated fatty acids via a linker group wherein said linker group is an ester between hydroxyl groups of the lignin and the unsaturated fatty acids and wherein 35-100% of the hydroxyl groups of the lignin have been converted to ester groups.
41 . The method according to claim 37 wherein the curing temperature is 120-200° C.
42 . The method according to claim 37 wherein at least 20% of the fatty acids of the triglyceride is unsaturated fatty acids.
43 . The method according to claim 37 wherein the triglyceride is a mixture of triglycerides prepared by mixing two or more triglycerides derived from linseed oil, brazil nut oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, carinata oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, butter, peanut oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, avocado oil, used cooking oil or animal or fish fat such as tallow, schmaltz or lard or fish oil, or soap stock, acidulated soap stock, or fat from microorganisms in order to obtain a mixture of triglyceride wherein at least 20% of the fatty acids of the mixture of triglycerides are unsaturated fatty acids.
44 . A composition for preparing the material according to claim 25 wherein the composition comprises functionalized lignin, triglyceride and a sulphur containing vulcanization compound, wherein the lignin is at least partly functionalized with unsaturated fatty acids via a linker group and wherein at least a part of the fatty acids of the triglyceride are unsaturated.