Instrumented tool handler for friction stir welding
A friction stir welding (FSW) tool includes a head, a tool holder and a body between the head and the tool holder and attached to the head and the tool holder. The body may include a plurality of cooling fins. An interior of the body may include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a torque sensor, and a communication node in electronic communication with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, and the torque sensor. The communication node may be in Bluetooth communication with a computing device.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
a tool holder rotatable about an axis;
an upper machine tool connector portion of the tool holder configured to connect to a machine tool;
a central bore of the tool holder having a lower opening to receive a head for friction stirring a workpiece, the tool holder configured to support the head in the central bore as the machine tool urges the head downwardly against the workpiece and rotates the head to cause the head to friction stir the workpiece;
a load sensor in the central bore of the tool holder between the tool holder and the head along the axis with the head received in the central bore, the load sensor rotatable with the tool holder;
a spacer in the central bore between the load sensor and the head along the axis and directly contacting the load sensor and the head with the head received in the central bore, the spacer configured to be urged upwardly and engaged with the load sensor as the machine tool urges the head downwardly against the workpiece, the spacer rotatable with the tool holder;
the load sensor configured to detect a vertical load between the head and the workpiece via the engagement between the spacer and the load sensor as the machine tool urges the head downwardly against the workpiece;
a temperature sensor rotatable with the tool holder; and
a communication node rotatable with the tool holder and operatively connected to the load sensor and the temperature sensor, the communication node operable to wirelessly communicate load sensor data and temperature sensor data.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the lower opening of the central bore is configured to receive the head in a proximal direction into the central bore;
wherein the tool holder includes a surface portion extending transverse to the axis and configured to engage a main body portion of the load sensor and resist proximal movement of the load sensor.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the lower opening of the central bore is configured to receive the head in a proximal direction into the central bore;
wherein the tool holder includes a surface portion extending transverse to the axis and configured to resist movement of the load sensor in the proximal direction beyond a predetermined axial position of the load sensor in the central bore.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the tool holder includes a load sensor seating portion extending transverse to the axis across the central bore to support the load sensor in the central bore.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 in combination with the head, the head configured to friction stir a metallic workpiece.
6 . An apparatus comprising:
a tool holder rotatable about an axis;
a machine tool connector portion of the tool holder configured to connect to a machine tool;
a central bore of the tool holder to receive a head;
a load sensor in the central bore of the tool holder between the tool holder and the head along the axis with the head received in the central bore, the load sensor rotatable with the tool holder;
a spacer in the central bore between the load sensor and the head along the axis with the head received in the central bore, the spacer rotatable with the tool holder;
a temperature sensor rotatable with the tool holder; and
a communication node rotatable with the tool holder and operatively connected to the load sensor and the temperature sensor, the communication node operable to wirelessly communicate load sensor data and temperature sensor data; and
an induction coil rotatable with the tool holder, the induction coil operable to provide electric current as the tool holder rotates.
7 . The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the induction coil is operatively connected to the load sensor, communication node, or both the load sensor and the communication node.
8 . An apparatus comprising:
a tool holder rotatable about an axis;
a machine tool connector portion of the tool holder configured to connect to a machine tool;
a central bore of the tool holder to receive a head;
a load sensor in the central bore of the tool holder between the tool holder and the head along the axis with the head received in the central bore, the load sensor rotatable with the tool holder;
a spacer in the central bore between the load sensor and the head along the axis with the head received in the central bore, the spacer rotatable with the tool holder;
a temperature sensor rotatable with the tool holder;
a communication node rotatable with the tool holder and operatively connected to the load sensor and the temperature sensor, the communication node operable to wirelessly communicate load sensor data and temperature sensor data; and
a battery and an induction coil that are rotatable with the tool holder.
9 . The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the battery and/or induction coil are operable to provide electrical current for the load sensor and/or communication node.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a rechargeable power source for the load sensor and/or the communication node.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an inductive coil rotatable with the tool holder, the apparatus in combination with an inductive power source operable to produce an electric current in the inductive coil of the tool holder.
12 . The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the inductive coil is operably coupled to the load sensor.