Devices, systems, and methods for increased wear resistance during low temperature friction stir processing
A method of friction stir processing (FSP) includes contacting a first workpiece with a FSP tool, where the first workpiece is a low-melting temperature metal or alloy and the FSP tool is a single-body FSP tool having a diamond working surface. The method also includes rotating the FSP tool in contact with the first workpiece at an interface and generating thermal energy at the interface to heat the first workpiece. The method further includes conducting thermal energy away from the interface with the FSP tool, and friction stirring the first workpiece at a temperature of the FSP tool below 800° C.
1. A friction stir processing device having a central longitudinal axis about which the friction stir processing device is rotatable, the friction stir processing device comprising:
a first body portion monolithically formed of polycrystalline diamond, the first body portion comprising:
a shoulder;
at least one protrusion of the shoulder configured to mechanically engage and flow workpiece material;
a pin extending downwardly from the shoulder;
an upper surface portion extending transverse to the central rotational axis;
a first shank portion extending between the upper surface portion and the shoulder; and
a second body portion integrally formed with the first body portion, the second body portion including a second shank portion formed of a second material that is different than the polycrystalline diamond;
a boundary between the first body portion and the second body portion, the boundary including a recess of one of the first and second body portions and an axial projection of the other of the first and second body portions engaged in the recess;
wherein the boundary includes first side surface portions of the axial projection extending transversely to one another and obliquely to the central longitudinal axis; and
wherein the boundary includes second side surface portions of the recess facing the first side surface portions of the axial projection, the second side surface portions of the recess extending transversely to one another and obliquely to the central longitudinal axis.
2. The friction stir processing device of claim 1 , wherein the first body portion has a thermal conductivity of greater than 500 Watts/meter-Kelvin throughout the first body portion.
3. The friction stir processing device of claim 1 wherein the first body portion is formed in a press at a temperature greater than 1400° C. and a pressure greater than 5.0 GPa.
4. The friction stir processing device of claim 1 wherein the second material includes a lower thermal conductivity than the polycrystalline diamond.
5. A one-piece friction stir processing tool having a central rotational axis and a total length extending along the central rotational axis, the one-piece friction stir processing tool comprising:
a first body portion monolithically formed of polycrystalline diamond;
wherein the first body portion comprises:
a shoulder;
a pin extending downwardly from the shoulder;
an upper surface portion extending transverse to the central rotational axis;
a first shank portion extending between the upper surface portion and the shoulder, wherein the first shank portion is longer than the pin;
a second body portion integrally formed with the first body portion, the second body portion including a second shank portion formed of a second material; and
wherein a length of the first body portion is greater than at least 15% of a total length of the one-piece friction stir processing tool and the second body portion constitutes the rest of the total length.
6. The one-piece friction stir processing tool of claim 5 further comprising a boundary between the first body portion and the second body portion.
7. The one-piece friction stir processing tool of claim 5 wherein the second material comprises a carbide.
8. The one-piece friction stir processing tool of claim 5 wherein the second material comprises a dual-phase material with a metal matrix.
9. The one-piece friction stir processing tool of claim 5 wherein the shoulder first body portion includes a spiral to engage the workpiece material.
10. The friction stir processing device of claim 1 wherein the at least one protrusion comprises a ridge.
11. The friction stir processing device of claim 1 wherein the axial projection includes a side surface portion extending transverse to the upper surface portion of the first body portion.
12. The friction stir processing device of claim 1 wherein the second body portion includes the recess and the first body portion includes the axial projection.
13. A friction stir processing device comprising:
a single body tool having a central longitudinal axis about which the single body tool is rotatable to friction stir a workpiece, the single body tool comprising:
a first body portion monolithically formed of polycrystalline diamond and including a pin and a first shank portion;
a second body portion integrally formed with the first body portion, the second body portion formed of a second material that is different than the polycrystalline diamond;
a boundary between the first and second body portions, the boundary including a recess of one of the first and second body portions and an axial projection of the other of the first and second body portions engaged in the recess;
wherein the boundary includes first side surface portions of the axial projection extending transversely to one another and obliquely to the central longitudinal axis; and
wherein the boundary includes second side surface portions of the recess facing the first side surface portions of the axial projection, the second side surface portions extending transversely to one another and obliquely to the central longitudinal axis.
14. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein the first body portion has a first maximum lateral width and the second body portion has a second maximum lateral width that is the same as the first maximum lateral width.
15. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein the first shank portion includes a shoulder and the pin depends from the shoulder.
16. The friction stir processing device of claim 15 wherein the shoulder includes at least one protrusion configured to mechanically engage and flow workpiece material.
17. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein the boundary between the first and second body portions is configured to cause phonon scattering across the boundary and reduce the overall thermal conductivity of the single body tool.
18. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein the first body portion includes a lower working surface to engage the workpiece, the pin having at least a portion of the lower working surface thereon;
wherein the second body portion has an upper surface;
wherein the single body tool includes an axially extending side surface extending from an upper juncture between the side surface and the upper surface of the second body portion to a lower juncture between the side surface and the lower working surface.
19. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein the single body tool is formed in a single pressing process in a high pressure high temperature press.
20. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein the second material is a carbide.
21. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein a length of the first body portion is greater than at least 15% of a total length of the one-piece friction stir processing tool and the second body portion constitutes the rest of the total length.
22. The friction stir processing device of claim 13 wherein the first body includes a spiral extending about the pin configured to engage the workpiece.