METHODS OF FORMING COMESTIBLE CELL-BASED FOOD PRODUCTS UTILIZING HIGH-MOISTURE EXTRUSION
This disclosure describes methods of forming an extruded cell-based food product that mimics the texture and flavor of slaughtered meat. Generally, the disclosed method comprises cultivating non-human animal cells. The disclosed methods combine the non-human cultivated animal cells with one or more plant proteins. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods also add one or more amino acids and/or a marinade to the non-human cultivated animal cells and the one or more plant proteins. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods extrude the non-human cultivated animal cells and one or more plant proteins utilizing high-moisture extrusion to form an extruded cell-based food product with a fibrous texture.
1 . A method of forming an extruded cell-based food product comprising:
cultivating a plurality of non-human animal cells in suspension;
adding the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells, one or more plant proteins, and glutamic acid to an extruder; and
extruding the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells, one or more plant proteins, and glutamic acid to create fibers therein.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding water to the extruder.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing a temperature of a barrel of the extruder.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more of spices, flavoring agents, or salts to the extruder.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding an amount of the glutamic acid sufficient to lower a pH of the extruded cell-based food product below 6.5.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding oil to the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and one or more plant proteins to the extruder.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more of citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, fumaric acid, sorbic acid, or benzoic acid.
8 . A method of forming an extruded cell-based food product comprising:
cultivating a plurality of non-human animal cells in suspension;
adding the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and one or more plant proteins to an extruder;
increasing a temperature and mixing the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and one or more plant proteins within a barrel of the extruder to form a cell-based dough;
adding marinade to the cell-based dough within the barrel of the extruder after a temperature of the barrel of the extruder has dropped from a peak temperature; and
passing the marinated cell-based dough through a cooling die.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein increasing the temperature of the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and one or more plant proteins within the barrel of the extruder further comprises:
increasing the temperature incrementally to the peak temperature across sections of the barrel of the extruder.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein increasing the temperature incrementally to the peak temperature across sections of the barrel of the extruder comprises:
increasing the temperature of the barrel to a first temperature within a first section of the barrel;
increasing the first temperature of the barrel to a second temperature within a second section of the barrel; and
increasing the second temperature of barrel to a third temperature within a third section of the barrel.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the third temperature is the peak temperature of the barrel.
12 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
decreasing the temperature of the barrel after reaching the peak temperature; and
before passing the marinated cell-based dough through the cooling die.
13 . A method of forming an extruded cell-based food product comprising:
cultivating a plurality of non-human animal cells in suspension;
adding the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and one or more plant proteins to an extruder; and
extruding the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and the one or more plant proteins in a manner that creates a plurality of fibers therein, wherein fibers of the plurality of fibers extend in a non-parallel direction relative to a direction of extrusion.
14 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
mixing the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and the one or more plant proteins as they pass through the extruder to form a cell-based dough; and
passing the cell-based dough through a cooling die.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein a pressure exerted on the cell-based dough falls as the cell-based dough passes through the cooling die.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein a temperature of the cooling die ranges from 35-45 degrees Celsius.
17 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising adding one or more amino acids to the extruder.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the one or more amino acids comprise glutamic acid.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein adding glutamic acid in combination with the plurality of non-human cultivated animal cells and the one or more plant proteins synergistically improve a texture of the extruded cell-based food product.
20 . The method of claim 17 , wherein adding the one or more amino acids to the extruder comprises adding an amount of the one or more amino acids sufficient to lower a PH of the extruded cell-based food product below 6.5.