Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and nonconjugated diene copolymers and methods for making same
Disclosed herein are EPDM-diene copolymers that have a low molecular weight and are liquid at room temperature. In a specific embodiment, the method of making the copolymer includes: adding a solvent to a reactor; adding a propylene and a catalyst mixture to the solvent in the reactor to make a first reaction mixture, where the catalyst mixture includes: one or more catalysts, one or more cocatalysts, and one or more catalyst reactivators; contacting an ethylene to the first reaction mixture to make a second reaction mixture; and contacting a vinyl norbornene to the second reaction mixture to make a copolymer, where the copolymer has a molecular weight from about 2,500 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, and where the copolymer has a viscosity from about 1,000 cP to about 2,500,000 cP at 100° C.
1. The method of making a copolymer comprising:
adding a solvent to a reactor;
adding propylene and a catalyst mixture to the solvent in the reactor to make a first reaction mixture, wherein the catalyst mixture comprises: one or more catalysts, one or more cocatalysts, and one or more catalyst reactivators;
contacting ethylene with the first reaction mixture to make a second reaction mixture; and
contacting a diene compound with the second reaction mixture to make a copolymer, wherein the diene compound is selected from the group consisting of vinyl norbornene, dicyclopentadiene, and ethylidene norbornene, wherein the copolymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 2,500 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, and wherein the copolymer has a viscosity from about 1,000 cP to about 2,500,000 cP at 100° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diene compound is vinyl norbornene.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diene compound is ethylidene norbornene.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diene compound is dicyclopentadiene.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises curing the copolymer with curing agent, wherein the curing agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more peroxides, one or more amines, one or more sulfur compounds, one or more organosiloxanes, 2,2′-(4-methylphenylimino) diethanol, and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more catalysts is a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more catalysts is vanadium oxytrichloride, wherein the one or more cocatalysts is ethyl aluminum sesquichloride, and wherein the one or more catalyst reactivators is dichlorophenylacetic acid ethyl ester.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more catalysts is bis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride, wherein the one or more cocatalysts comprises a first cocatalyst, a second cocatalyst, and a third cocatalyst, wherein the first cocatalyst is N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentaflourophenyl) borate, wherein the second cocatalyst is methylaluminoxane, and the third cocatalyst is triisobutyl aluminum.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a vinyl norbornene content of the copolymer is at least 2.0 wt % of the copolymer.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a propylene content of the copolymer is at least 50 wt % of the copolymer, and wherein a vinyl norbornene content of the copolymer is at least 8.0 wt % of the copolymer.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer has an ethylene:propylene ratio from about 40:60 to about 80:20.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding propylene and the catalyst mixture to the solvent in the reactor to make a first reaction mixture is carried out at a propylene flow rate of about 1.0 gram/minute to about 100.0 grams/minute.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is hexane.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 2,500 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer has a viscosity from about 1,000 cP to about 700,000 cP at 100° C.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is a liquid at room temperature.
17. The method of claim 1 further comprising contacting the copolymer with a curing agent to make a crosslinked copolymer.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the curing agent is selected from one or more peroxides, one or more amines, one or more sulfur compounds, organosiloxanes, 2,2′-(4-methylphenylimino) diethanol, or mixtures thereof.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the crosslinked copolymer has a viscosity from about 1,000 cP to about 2,500,000 cP at 100° C.