Monobore drilling methods with managed pressure drilling
A method for drilling a wellbore comprises using drilling mud having a mud weight less than the formation pore pressure while drilling the horizontal section, to release some formation gas to mix with the drilling mud. As the mixture flows up the wellbore annulus, the resulting pressure in the vertical section is within the mud weight window (MWW) of the weak zones, thereby maintaining wellbore stability without the need for intermediate casings. The wellbore is killed by introducing a volume of heavy mud via a circulation sub in the drill string and periodically introducing additional heavy mud to fill the void left behind by the drill string as it is pulled uphole. The ratio of light mud and heavy mud in the killed well is such that the resulting pressure in the vertical section is within the MWW of the weak zones.
1. A method of killing a wellbore, the wellbore having:
a weak zone having a weak zone depth;
a heel downhole from the weak zone, the heel having a heel depth;
a horizontal section downhole from the heel; and
a drill string extending therein, the drill string having a proximal end, a distal end, a wall having an inner surface defining an inner bore extending between the proximal and distal ends, and a circulation sub provided between the proximal and distal ends,
the drill string and an inner surface of the wellbore defining an annulus therebetween,
the method comprising:
cleaning the wellbore by circulating a light mud from the proximal end to the distal end via the inner bore, and out of the distal end into the annulus;
opening the circulation sub to allow fluid communication between the inner bore and the annulus through the circulation sub;
introducing, from the proximal end, an initial volume of heavy mud, via the inner bore to the circulation sub, and out of the circulation sub into the wellbore, the heavy mud having a mud weight greater than that of the light mud;
pulling the drill string uphole;
periodically introducing additional volumes of the heavy mud as the drill string is pulled uphole;
upon determining that the circulation sub is at the top of the heavy mud or that the heavy mud is backing up the inner bore, closing the circulation sub to restrict fluid communication between the inner bore and the annulus via the circulation sub; and
pulling the drill string out of the wellbore.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mud weight of the heavy mud ρ k is determined by:
ρ
k
=
P
r
-
P
w
g
×
Δ
d
where P r is a reservoir pressure in the horizontal section, P w is a hydrostatic pressure of the light mud, g is a gravity constant, Δd is a true vertical depth difference between the weak zone and the heel.
3. The method of claim 1 comprising, after pulling the drill string out of the wellbore, extending a casing into the wellbore such that at least a portion of an outer surface of the casing at the weak zone is surrounded by the heavy mud, and at least a portion of the outer surface of the casing below the heel is surrounded by the light mud.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the initial volume of heavy mud V k is determined by:
V
k
=
(
d
k
-
d
w
)
×
(
A
a
+
A
i
+
A
m
)
where d k is a kill depth, d w is the weak zone depth, A a is the cross-sectional area of the annulus, A i is the cross-sectional area of the inner bore, and A m is the cross-sectional area of the wall.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the kill depth d k is determined by:
d
k
=
d
h
+
(
(
(
Π
4
(
D
OH
2
-
D
PC
2
)
)
×
(
d
td
-
d
h
)
)
Π
4
D
OH
2
)
where d h is the heel depth, D OH is a diameter of the wellbore, D PC is an outer diameter of the casing, and d td is the measured depth of the wellbore.
6. The method of claim 1 comprising, after introducing the initial volume of heavy mud, shutting down surface pumps and performing a flow check on the wellbore.
7. The method of claim 1 comprising, as the drill string is pulled uphole:
determining a location of the top of the heavy mud based on volumetric calculations;
determining a current location of the circulation sub by monitoring the distance the drill string has been pulled uphole; and
comparing with the location of the top of the heavy mud with the current location of the circulation sub.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein, after pulling the drill string out of the wellbore, the ratio of the light mud and heavy mud in the wellbore results in an annulus pressure in the weak zone that is within the mud weight window of the weak zone.