Light-Emitting Device
A light-emitting device that can be used in a high-resolution display apparatus and has a low driving voltage and high current efficiency is provided. A tandem light-emitting device is fabricated through a photolithography process and includes a plurality of light-emitting units and an intermediate layer therebetween. The intermediate layer includes a layer that includes a metal oxide and an organic compound having a phenanthroline ring with an electron-donating group. The layer of the intermediate layer is in contact with a light-emitting unit on the anode side.
1 . A light-emitting apparatus comprising:
a first light-emitting device; and
a second light-emitting device,
wherein the first light-emitting device comprises:
a first electrode over an insulating surface;
a second electrode facing the first electrode; and
a first layer between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the second light-emitting device comprises:
a third electrode over the insulating surface;
the second electrode facing the third electrode; and
a second layer between the third electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the second electrode, the first layer, and the first electrode overlap with each other,
wherein the second electrode, the second layer, and the third electrode overlap with each other,
wherein the first layer comprises a first light-emitting layer, a second light-emitting layer, and an intermediate layer between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer,
wherein the intermediate layer comprises a first region comprising a metal oxide and a first organic compound,
wherein the first organic compound is an organic compound comprising a phenanthroline ring with an electron-donating group, and
wherein a distance between the first layer and the second layer is greater than or equal to 2 μm and less than or equal to 5 μm.
2 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the metal oxide is an oxide comprising any of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 11, Group 12, and Group 13 elements.
3 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein when a threshold value of electron density distribution in atomic units is 0.0004 e/a 0 3 , a minimum value of an electrostatic potential of the first organic compound is smaller than or equal to −0.085 E h .
4 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of any one of lithium, magnesium, calcium, silver, zinc, and indium.
5 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the phenanthroline ring is a 1,10-phenanthroline ring and the electron-donating group is at at least one of a 4-position and a 7-position of the 1,10-phenanthroline ring.
6 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the electron-donating group is any one or more of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, and a heterocyclic amino group.
7 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the phenanthroline ring is a 1,10-phenanthroline ring, and the electron-donating group is at at least one of a 4-position and a 7-position of the 1,10-phenanthroline ring, and
wherein the electron-donating group is any one or more of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, and a heterocyclic amino group.
8 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein an acid dissociation constant pK a of the first organic compound is higher than or equal to 8.
9 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first region further comprises a second organic compound.
10 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 9 ,
wherein the second organic compound comprises a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring.
11 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein a glass transition temperature of the second organic compound is higher than or equal to 100° C.
12 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the metal oxide and the first organic compound are mixed in the first region.
13 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein a layer comprising the metal oxide and a layer comprising the first organic compound are stacked in the first region.
14 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein a spin density of the first region measured by an electron spin resonance method is higher than or equal to 5×10 16 spins/cm 3 .
15 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the intermediate layer comprises a second region,
wherein the second region is between the first region and the second electrode, and
wherein the second region comprises a third organic compound having a hole-transport property and a first substance having an acceptor property with respect to the third organic compound.
16 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 15 , further comprising a third region comprising a second substance, the third region being between the first region and the second region.
17 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 15 ,
wherein a spin density of the second region measured by an electron spin resonance method is higher than or equal to 1×10 17 spins/cm 3 .
18 . The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a third layer,
wherein the third layer is shared by the first light-emitting device and the second light-emitting device, and
wherein the third layer is between the first layer and the second electrode.