Carbon dioxide capture with system of contactors each having fluidically-isolated, thermally-connected, parallel fluid domains
A carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture system and method for removing CO 2 from an inlet gas including a first fluid stream inlet providing for the flow of a first fluid stream, such as an inlet gas containing CO 2 , and a second fluid stream inlet providing for the flow of a second fluid stream, such as steam, an outlet providing for the flow of a CO 2 depleted stream from the CO 2 capture system, an outlet providing for the flow of a CO 2 stream from the CO 2 capture system and a concentrator in fluid communication with the first fluid stream. The system further including a first contactor and a second contactor. Each of the first contactor and the second contactor defining therein a first fluidically-isolated, sorbent-integrated, fluid domain for flow of the first fluid stream and CO 2 adsorption and a second fluidically-isolated fluid domain for flow of the second fluid stream to assist in desorption.
1. A system, comprising:
a first contactor including:
a first contactor body having a first end with a fluid stream inlet to receive a fluid stream, a second end with a fluid stream outlet to release the fluid stream, and a fluid flow path extending between the first end and the second end that directs the fluid stream received by the fluid stream inlet to the fluid stream outlet for release therefrom; and
a plurality of fluidically-isolated, thermally-connected, parallel fluid domains disposed in the first contactor body between the first end and the second end orthogonal to the fluid flow path, wherein the plurality of fluidically-isolated, thermally-connected, parallel fluid domains include:
a plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels, each sorbent-integrated fluid channel defining a flow path for the fluid stream passing from the first end to the second end of the first contactor body; and
a plurality of heat transfer fluid channels thermally connected to the plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels in an alternating arrangement, each heat transfer fluid channel defining a flow path for a heat transfer fluid stream that flows orthogonally to the fluid flow path between the first end and the second end of the first contactor body; and
a second contactor to operate in conjunction with the first contactor, the second contactor including:
a second contactor body having a first end with a fluid stream inlet to receive the fluid stream, a second end with a fluid stream outlet to release the fluid stream, and a fluid flow path extending between the first end and the second end that directs the fluid stream received by the fluid stream inlet to the fluid stream outlet for release therefrom; and
a plurality of fluidically-isolated, thermally-connected, parallel fluid domains disposed in the second contactor body between the first end and the second end orthogonal to the fluid flow path, wherein the plurality of fluidically-isolated, thermally-connected, parallel fluid domains include:
a plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels, each sorbent-integrated fluid channel defining a flow path for the fluid stream passing from the first end to the second end of the second contactor body; and
a plurality of heat transfer fluid channels thermally connected to the plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels in an alternating arrangement, each heat transfer fluid channel defining a flow path for the heat transfer fluid stream that flows orthogonally to the fluid flow path between the first end and the second end of the second contactor body.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first contactor and the second contactor are configured to cycle through an adsorption mode of operation and a desorption mode of operation in an alternating pattern to provide continuous CO 2 removal from the fluid stream, wherein the second contactor operates in the desorption mode of operation when the first contactor operates in the adsorption mode of operation, while the first contactor operates in the desorption mode of operation when the second contactor operates in the adsorption mode of operation.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of additional contactors configured to operate in conjunction with the first contactor and the second contactor, wherein the plurality of additional contactors are configured to operate cooperatively in alternating patterns of adsorption and desorption modes of operation.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels in the first contactor body and the second contactor body includes a first walled surface that is configured to receive the fluid stream and a second walled surface opposing the first walled surface that is configured to correspondingly release a CO 2 depleted fluid stream during an adsorption mode of operation.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein both the first walled surface and the second walled surface of each of the plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels are configured to release a CO 2 rich fluid stream during a desorption mode of operation.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first contactor body and the second contactor body further comprises:
a heat transfer fluid stream inlet in a region between the first end and the second end that is configured to receive the heat transfer fluid stream; and
a heat transfer fluid stream outlet in a region between the first end and the second end opposing the heat transfer fluid stream inlet that is configured to correspondingly release the heat transfer fluid stream from the first contactor body and the second contactor body.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein each of the plurality of heat transfer fluid channels in the first contactor body and the second contactor body is configured to correspondingly receive a portion of the heat transfer fluid stream received by the heat transfer fluid stream inlet and direct the heat transfer fluid stream to the heat transfer fluid stream outlet for release from the first contactor body and the second contactor body after facilitating heat transfer with adjacent sorbent-integrated fluid channels while the heat transfer fluid stream passes through the channel between the heat transfer fluid stream inlet and the heat transfer fluid stream outlet.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels in the first contactor and the second contactor comprise one or more of a sorbent material and a sorbent coating.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the sorbent material is selected from the group consisting of metal-organic frameworks (MOF), covalent organic frameworks (COF), zeolites, and NH 2 impregnated materials.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein some of the plurality of sorbent-integrated fluid channels comprises a hydrophobic coating selected from the group consisting of a silica nano-coating, a fluorinated silane and a fluoropolymer coating.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of fluidically-isolated, thermally-connected, parallel fluid domains in the first contactor and the second contactor is segmented into separate and distinct fluid domains.
12. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a heat generating source operatively coupled with the first contactor and the second contactor to generate and provide the heat transfer fluid stream thereto.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the first contactor and the second contactor are in fluid communication with an inlet into the heat generating source, wherein the heat transfer fluid stream released from the first contactor and the second contactor is recirculated back to the heat generating source.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the heat transfer fluid stream generated in the heat generating source is configured for supply to the first contactor and the second contactor, wherein the heat transfer fluid stream has a temperature greater than the temperature of the fluid stream.
15. The system of claim 12 , further comprising:
a vacuum pump operatively coupled to the first contactor and the second contactor, wherein the vacuum pump is configured to supply a CO 2 rich fluid stream from the first contactor and the second contactor to a CO 2 stream line while operating in the desorption mode of operation;
an air cooler operatively coupled to the vacuum pump, wherein the air cooler is configured to release moisture from the CO 2 rich fluid stream that is provided by the vacuum pump; and
a condensation line operatively coupled to the air cooler and the heat generating source, wherein the condensation line is configured to receive excess moisture vented away from the air cooler for recirculation back to the heat generating source for production of the heat transfer fluid stream.
16. The system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a compressor downstream of the air cooler that is configured to compress the CO 2 rich fluid stream in the CO 2 stream line; and
a recirculation line operatively coupled to the compressor and the heat generating source, wherein the recirculation line is configured to receive heat vented away from the compression of the CO 2 for recirculation back to the heat generating source for production of the heat transfer fluid stream.
17. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a fan upstream or downstream of one or more of the first contactor and the second contactor to drive the fluid stream therethrough.
18. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a passive air concentrator in fluid communication with the first contactor and the second contactor, wherein the passive air concentrator includes a cone-shaped concentrator with a diverging portion at a first axial end to receive the flow of the fluid stream that transitions to a converging portion at an opposing second axial end that supplies the flow of the fluid stream to the first contactor and the second contactor at an increased velocity and increased wind pressure that exceeds the pressure drop across the one or more of the first contactor and the second contactor.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the passive air concentrator further comprises a gate disposed about the diverging portion and the converging portion to control the flow of the fluid stream to the one or more of the first contactor and the second contactor.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid stream comprises directly captured ambient air or post combustion captured gas.