Stacked cryogenic bottoming cycles
An aircraft propulsion system includes a core engine, a first bottoming cycle and a second bottoming cycle that utilize different working fluids having different critical temperatures such that each of the bottoming cycles have different heat absorption capabilities.
1 . An aircraft propulsion system comprising:
a core engine comprising a compressor that pressurizes an inlet flow that is mixed with a cryogenic fuel and ignited in a combustor to generate an exhaust gas flow that is expanded through a turbine to generate shaft power and a propulsive fan driven by the turbine;
a first bottoming cycle with a first working fluid that is circulated within a first closed circuit comprising a first bottoming compressor and a first bottoming turbine;
a second bottoming cycle with a second working fluid that is circulated within a second closed circuit comprising a second bottoming compressor and a second bottoming turbine, wherein the first working fluid and the second working fluid are different;
a main heat exchanger system for communicating thermal energy into the working fluid of each of the first bottoming cycle and the second bottoming cycle; and
a fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel storage tank and a fuel flow path for routing the cryogenic fuel to the core engine;
a first fuel/working fluid heat exchanger where the first working fluid is in thermal communication with the cryogenic fuel; and
a second fuel/working fluid heat exchanger where the second working fluid is in thermal communication with the cryogenic fuel.
2 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first working fluid comprises a first liquid-vapor critical point and the second working fluid comprises a second liquid-vapor critical point different from the first liquid-vapor critical point.
3 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first working fluid comprises a first volume and the second working fluid comprises a second volume different than the first volume.
4 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein one of the first working fluid and the second working fluid comprises supercritical nitrogen.
5 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein one of the first working fluid and the second working fluid comprises supercritical carbon dioxide.
6 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , including a fuel bypass passage where the cryogenic fuel is routed around one of the first fuel/working fluid heat exchanger and the second fuel/working fluid heat exchanger.
7 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a bypass flow heat exchanger where a bypass flow from the compressor of the core engine cools the second working fluid.
8 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the main heat exchanger system comprises a first main heat exchanger configured to heat the first working fluid of the first bottoming cycle and a second main heat exchanger configured to heat the second working fluid of the second bottoming cycle.
9 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 8 , wherein the first main heat exchanger comprises a first thermal transfer capacity and the second main heat exchanger comprises a second thermal transfer capacity different from the first thermal transfer capacity.
10 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional bottoming cycle.
11 . A bottoming cycle system for an aircraft propulsion system comprising:
a first bottoming cycle with a first working fluid that is circulated within a first closed circuit comprising a first bottoming compressor and a first bottoming turbine;
a second bottoming cycle with a second working fluid that is circulated within a second closed circuit comprising a second bottoming compressor and a second bottoming turbine, wherein the first working fluid and the second working fluid are different;
a main heat exchanger system for communicating thermal energy into the first working fluid and the second working fluid; and
a fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel storage tank and a fuel flow path for routing a cryogenic fuel;
a first fuel/working fluid heat exchanger where the first working fluid is in thermal communication with the cryogenic fuel; and
a second fuel/working fluid heat exchanger where the second working fluid is in thermal communication with the cryogenic fuel.
12 . The bottoming cycle system as recited in claim 11 , wherein the first working fluid comprises a first liquid-vapor critical point and the second working fluid comprises a second liquid-vapor critical point different from the first liquid-vapor critical point.
13 . The bottoming cycle system as recited in claim 11 , wherein the first working fluid comprises a first volume and the second working fluid comprises a second volume different than the first volume.
14 . The bottoming cycle system as recited in claim 11 , wherein the first working fluid comprises supercritical nitrogen and the second working fluid comprises supercritical carbon dioxide.
15 . The bottoming cycle system as recited in claim 11 , including a fuel bypass passage where the cryogenic fuel is routed around one of the first fuel/working fluid heat exchanger and the second fuel fuel/working fluid heat exchanger.
16 . The aircraft propulsion system as recited in claim 11 , further comprising a bypass flow heat exchanger where a bypass flow from a compressor of a core engine cools the second working fluid.
17 . A method of assembling an aircraft propulsion system comprising:
configuring a first bottoming cycle with a first working fluid that is circulated within a first closed circuit comprising a first bottoming compressor and a first bottoming turbine;
configuring a second bottoming cycle with a second working fluid that is circulated within a second closed circuit comprising a second bottoming compressor and a second bottoming turbine, wherein the first working fluid and the second working fluid are different;
configuring a main heat exchanger system for communicating thermal energy into the working fluid of each of the first bottoming cycle and the second bottoming cycle;
configuring a fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel storage tank and a fuel flow path for routing a cryogenic fuel;
configuring a first fuel/working fluid heat exchanger where the first working fluid is in thermal communication with the cryogenic fuel; and
configuring a second fuel/working fluid heat exchanger where the second working fluid is in thermal communication with the cryogenic fuel.
18 . The method as recited in claim 17 , further comprising configuring the first working fluid to comprise a first liquid-vapor critical point and the second working fluid to comprise a second liquid-vapor critical point different from the first liquid-vapor critical point.
19 . The method as recited in claim 17 , further comprising configuring the first working fluid to comprise a first volume and the second working fluid to comprise a second volume different than the first volume.
20 . The method as recited in claim 17 , further comprising the main heat exchanger system to comprise at least two heat exchangers of different thermal transfer capacities.