Spark plug electrode having ruthenium-based material
A spark plug electrode made from a ruthenium-based material that includes one or more of the following characteristics: an equiaxed grain structure, a grain structure with an average grain size that is less than or equal to 50 μm, a grain structure with an average porosity that is less than or equal to 2%, and/or a grain structure with an average non-homogeneity ratio that is less than or equal to 6%. In one example, the ruthenium-based material is a binary alloy that includes rhodium from 1 wt % to 15 wt %, inclusive, and the balance ruthenium. In a different example, the ruthenium-based material is a ternary alloy that includes rhodium from 1 wt % to 15 wt %, inclusive, rhenium from 0.5 wt % to 5 wt %, inclusive, and the balance ruthenium. A powder metallurgy method is also provided for manufacturing the spark plug electrode.
1. A spark plug electrode, comprising:
a ruthenium-based material having ruthenium, rhodium and rhenium, ruthenium is the single largest constituent on a weight % basis,
wherein the ruthenium-based material has an equiaxed grain structure with an average grain size that is less than or equal to 50 μm, has an average porosity that is less than or equal to 2%, and is a ternary alloy that includes rhodium from 1 wt % to 15 wt %, inclusive, rhenium from 0.5 wt % to 5 wt %, inclusive, and the balance ruthenium.
2. The spark plug electrode of claim 1 , wherein rhodium is the second largest constituent of the ruthenium-based material on a wt % basis, after ruthenium.
3. The spark plug electrode of claim 2 , wherein rhenium is the third largest constituent of the ruthenium-based material on a wt % basis, after ruthenium and rhodium.
4. The spark plug electrode of claim 1 , wherein the ruthenium-based material has an average grain size that is from 5 μm to 40 μm, inclusive.
5. The spark plug electrode of claim 1 , wherein the ruthenium-based material has an average porosity that is less than or equal to 1.5%.
6. The spark plug electrode of claim 1 , wherein the ruthenium-based material has a grain structure with an average non-homogeneity ratio that is less than or equal to 6% in terms of the largest solute in the ruthenium-based material on a wt % basis.
7. The spark plug electrode of claim 6 , wherein the largest solute on a wt % basis is rhodium.
8. The spark plug electrode of claim 1 , wherein the spark plug electrode is manufactured using a powder metallurgy method that includes sintering a powder mixture to directly form the spark plug electrode into its near net shape.
9. A spark plug electrode, comprising:
a ruthenium-based material having ruthenium and rhodium, ruthenium is the single largest constituent on a weight % basis,
wherein the ruthenium-based material has an equiaxed grain structure with an average grain size that is less than or equal to 50 μm and an average non-homogeneity ratio that is less than or equal to 6% in terms of the largest solute in the ruthenium-based material on a wt % basis.
10. The spark plug electrode of claim 9 , wherein rhodium is the second largest constituent of the ruthenium-based material on a wt % basis, after ruthenium, and is present in the ruthenium-based material from 0.1 wt % to 35 wt %, inclusive.
11. The spark plug electrode of claim 10 , wherein the ruthenium-based material is a binary alloy that includes rhodium from 1 wt % to 15 wt %, inclusive, and the balance ruthenium.
12. The spark plug electrode of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the following metals is the third largest constituent of the ruthenium-based material on a wt % basis, after ruthenium and rhodium: platinum, palladium, iridium, gold, silver, rhenium, tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum or niobium.
13. The spark plug electrode of claim 12 , wherein the ruthenium-based material is a ternary alloy that includes rhodium from 1 wt % to 15 wt %, inclusive, rhenium from 0.5 wt % to 5 wt %, inclusive, and the balance ruthenium.
14. The spark plug electrode of claim 9 , wherein the ruthenium-based material has an average grain size that is from 5 μm to 40 μm, inclusive.
15. The spark plug electrode of claim 9 , wherein the largest solute on a wt % basis is rhodium.
16. The spark plug electrode of claim 9 , wherein the ruthenium-based material has an average porosity that is less than or equal to 2%.
17. The spark plug electrode of claim 9 , wherein the spark plug electrode is manufactured using a powder metallurgy method that includes sintering a powder mixture to directly form the spark plug electrode into its near net shape.