Active vehicle suspension system
A method of on-demand energy delivery to an active suspension system comprising an actuator body, hydraulic pump, electric motor, plurality of sensors, energy storage facility, and controller is provided. The method comprises disposing an active suspension system in a vehicle between a wheel mount and a vehicle body, detecting a wheel event requiring control of the active suspension; and sourcing energy from the energy storage facility and delivering it to the electric motor in response to the wheel event.
1 . A system comprising:
a housing configured to contain hydraulic fluid;
an electric motor configured and arranged to be at least partially immersed in the hydraulic fluid in the housing, the electric motor comprising a rotatable portion that includes a sensor target element;
a hydraulic pump encased in the housing, wherein the electric motor is operatively close-coupled to the hydraulic pump;
a diaphragm that is impervious to the hydraulic fluid that separates the hydraulic fluid in the housing from a sensing compartment of the system;
a position sensor located in the sensing compartment, the diaphragm being configured to permit sensing of the sensor target element by the position sensor; and
an air gap between the sensor target element and the position sensor;
wherein the sensor target element is a magnetic sensor target element;
wherein the position sensor is a contactless magnetic sensor; and
wherein the position sensor and the sensor target element are coaxial with a rotational axis of the rotatable portion of the electric motor.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the position sensor is at least one of an absolute position sensor and a relative position sensor.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the position sensor is a Hall effect detector, the sensor target element is adapted to be detectable by the Hall effect detector, and the diaphragm comprises a non-magnetic material.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the position sensor is an array of Hall effect sensors.
5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the array of Hall effect sensors is sensitive to magnetic field in an axial direction with respect to the rotatable portion of the electric motor.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the position sensor is tolerant of at least one of variation in the air gap between the sensor target element and the position sensor, pressure of the hydraulic fluid, temperature of the hydraulic fluid, and external magnetic fields.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured for the hydraulic fluid in the housing to be pressurized, wherein a pressure in the housing is configured to exceed an operable pressure limit of the position sensor.
8 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a controller for controlling operation of the electric motor by processing signals from the position sensor to apply at least one of torque and velocity to the electric motor.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the position sensor is located in the sensing compartment, wherein the sensing compartment is a sealed sensor compartment that is constructed of a ferrous material that is held in rigid connection to the housing.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor target element is assembled onto the rotatable portion.
11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the rotatable portion of the electric motor is at least one of a rotor and a rotor shaft.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the electric motor is a brushless direct current motor.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic sensor target element is a source magnet, and the diaphragm includes a bulkhead sealed to the housing and a sensor shield sealed to the bulkhead by a hydraulic seal, wherein the air gap is between the sensor shield and the position sensor, and wherein the sensor shield is constructed of a non-magnetic material so that magnetic fluxes of the source magnet pass through the sensor shield unimpeded.
14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein a primary axis of the position sensor and the sensor target element are coaxial with the rotational axis of the rotatable portion of the electric motor.
15 . The system of claim 1 , wherein a rotor of the electric motor is operatively close-coupled to the hydraulic pump.
16 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is a system for electric motor rotor position sensing.
17 . An active suspension actuator comprising the system of claim 1 .
18 . A system comprising:
a housing configured to contain hydraulic fluid;
an electric motor, including a rotor and a stator, the electric motor being configured and arranged to be at least partially immersed in the hydraulic fluid in the housing, wherein the rotor includes a rotor shaft with a magnetic target element operatively coupled to the rotor shaft;
a hydraulic pump encased in the housing, wherein the electric motor is operatively close-coupled to the hydraulic pump;
a diaphragm that is impervious to the hydraulic fluid that separates the hydraulic fluid in the housing from a sensing compartment of the system;
a position sensor located in the sensing compartment, the diaphragm being configured to permit sensing of a rotational position of the magnetic target element by the position sensor; and
an air gap between the diaphragm and the position sensor;
wherein the position sensor is a contactless magnetic sensor; and
wherein the position sensor and the magnetic target element are located coaxially with a rotational axis of the rotor shaft.
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the magnetic target element is a diametrically magnetized two-pole magnet.
20 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the position sensor is a Hall effect detector, and the magnetic target element is adapted to be detectable by the Hall effect detector.
21 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the position sensor is an array of Hall effect sensors.
22 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the array of Hall effect sensors is sensitive to magnetic field in an axial direction with respect to the rotor.
23 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the air gap is configured and arranged to allow the diaphragm to deflect due to a hydraulic pressure in the housing without imparting a load on the position sensor.
24 . The system of claim 18 , wherein a pressure of the hydraulic fluid exceeds an operable pressure limit of the position sensor.
25 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the position sensor is located in the sensing compartment, and wherein the sensing compartment is a sealed sensor compartment that is constructed of a ferrous material that is held in rigid connection to the housing.
26 . The system of claim 18 , further comprising:
a controller configured to control operation of the electric motor by processing signals from the position sensor to apply at least one of torque and velocity to the electric motor, wherein the controller includes a motor controller printed circuit board (PCB).
27 . The system of claim 26 , wherein the position sensor is mounted remotely from the motor controller PCB.
28 . The system of claim 27 , wherein a magnetic target holder is interposed between the magnetic target element and the rotor shaft, wherein the magnetic target holder is constructed of a non-magnetic material.
29 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the electric motor is a brushless direct current motor.
30 . The system of claim 18 , further comprising a seal interposed between the diaphragm and the housing, wherein the diaphragm is separate from the housing, and wherein the seal is configured to prevent leakage of hydraulic fluid from the housing.
31 . The system of claim 30 , wherein the seal is selected from the group consisting of an elastomeric seal, a mechanical seal and an adhesive.
32 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the rotor of the electric motor and the hydraulic pump are operatively close-coupled on a common shaft.
33 . The system of claim 18 , wherein a working pressure of the hydraulic fluid is 150 BAR.
34 . An active suspension actuator comprising the system of claim 18 .
35 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the hydraulic fluid in the housing is pressurized.
36 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the magnetic target element is attached to an end of the rotor shaft.
37 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the air gap is between the diaphragm and the position sensor.