Pulse seed-based non-dairy composition and associated methods
Methods of removing plant tone of starchy Fabaceae pulses are disclosed. The pulses are selected from chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ), yellow pea ( Pisum sativum ), common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and fava bean ( Vicia faba ), and can be hulled or de-hulled pulses, whole pulses, split pulses or chopped solids having a Feret diameter of 1 to 4 mm. The pulses are transformed in an emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing manner suitable for fermentation. The emulsion thereof may be used in fermented milk derivatives that have a desirable texture or form that melts or self-disintegrates in-mouth. To achieve these technical effects, the pulses are pretreated with an aqueous bicarbonate (MHCO 3 ) solution or bicarbonate/carbonate (M 2 CO 3 ) solution of bicarbonate salt, bicarbonate salt and carbonate salt, or bicarbonate salt and hydroxide salt (MOH), wherein M is an alkali metal cation, and having a pH between pH 7 and 10, preferably between 7.5 and 10.
1. A method of manufacturing dry seed pulses, dry seed pulse halves, and/or dry seed pulse pieces having reduced fragrance and/or flavor accompanying the dry seed pulses, dry seed pulse halves, and/or dry seed pulse pieces, the method comprising:
a) hydrating seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces in an aqueous bicarbonate solution or bicarbonate/carbonate solution by submersing and stirring the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces in the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution at a temperature of 40° C. to 90° C. to form hydrated seed pulses, hydrated seed pulse halves, and/or hydrated seed pulse pieces;
b) removing the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution from the hydrated seed pulses, hydrated seed pulse halves, and/or hydrated seed pulse pieces so as to form a pulse material comprising the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces;
c) washing the pulse material to form a washed pulse material;
d) fermenting the washed pulse material with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter culture; and
e) drying the washed pulse material so as to form the dry seed pulses, dry seed pulse halves, and/or dry seed pulse pieces having reduced fragrance and/or flavor.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the seed pulses are hydrated by submersing them for at least 30 minutes in the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution at a temperature of 40 to 70° C.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the seed pulses are selected from the group consisting of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ), yellow pea ( Pisum sativum ), common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and fava bean ( Vicia faba ), and a combination of any thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the LAB in the starter culture is selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Diacetylactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroide, Streptococcus thermophiles , and a combination of any thereof.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a fermentation starter culture is included, wherein the fermentation starter culture comprises a Bifidobacteria selected from the group consisting of Bifidobacterium animalis spp. Lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium breve , and a combination of any thereof.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a fermentation starter culture is included in the method, wherein the fermentation starter culture comprises Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a fermentation starter culture is included in the method, wherein the fermentation starter culture comprises Aspergillus oryzae.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the washed pulse material is fermented with the LAB starter culture in combination with a fermentation starter culture selected from the group consisting of a bifidobacteria, a food yeast, a food mold, and a combination of any thereof.
9. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces are hydrated by submersing and stirring the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces in the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution a first time for 99 minutes.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces are hydrated by submersing and stirring the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces in the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution a second time for 99 minutes.
11. A method of manufacturing dry seed pulses, dry seed pulse halves, and/or dry seed pulse pieces, the method comprising:
a) hydrating seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces in an aqueous bicarbonate solution or bicarbonate/carbonate solution wherein the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces are hydrated by submersing them for 15 to 30 minutes at a temperature in a range of 70° C. to 90° C. in the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution having a pH lower than 10 to form hydrated seed pulses, hydrated seed pulse halves, and/or hydrated seed pulse pieces;
b) removing the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution from the hydrated seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces so as to form a pulse material comprising the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces;
c) washing the pulse material to form a washed pulse material;
d) fermenting the washed pulse material with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter culture; and
e) drying the washed pulse material so as to form the dry seed pulses, dry seed pulse halves, and/or dry seed pulse pieces.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the washed pulse material is fermented with the LAB starter culture in combination with a fermentation starter culture selected from the group consisting of a bifidobacteria, a food yeast, a food mold, and a combination of any thereof.
13. A method of manufacturing dry seed pulses, dry seed pulse halves, and/or dry seed pulse pieces, the method comprising:
a) hydrating seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces in an aqueous bicarbonate solution or bicarbonate/carbonate solution, wherein the aqueous bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution comprises CaCl 2 ) so as to reduce material loss from the seed pulses under treatment in the aqueous bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution to form hydrated seed pulses, hydrated seed pulse halves, and/or hydrated seed pulse pieces;
b) removing the bicarbonate solution or the bicarbonate/carbonate solution from the hydrated seed pulses, hydrated seed pulse halves, and/or hydrated seed pulse pieces so as to form a pulse material comprising the seed pulses, seed pulse halves, and/or seed pulse pieces;
c) washing the pulse material to form a washed pulse material;
d) fermenting the washed pulse material with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter culture; and
e) drying the washed pulse material so as to form the dry seed pulses, dry seed pulse halves, and/or dry seed pulse pieces.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the washed pulse material is fermented with the LAB starter culture in combination with a fermentation starter culture selected from the group consisting of a bifidobacteria, a food yeast, a food mold, and a combination of any thereof.