Window-Integrated Charge-Mode Digital-to-Analog Converter for Arbitrary Waveform Generator
A digital-to-analog converter circuit that creates an analog waveform from an input digital waveform. Operating the circuit comprises using the input digital waveform to 1) operate a charge control switch to set a charge time period, 2) operate a discharge control switch to set a discharge time period, 3) set a charge current magnitude using a charge gain, and 4) set a discharge current magnitude using a discharge gain. A charge source electrically charges a load capacitor during the charge time period (i.e., the charge mode). A discharge source electrically discharges the load capacitor during the discharge time period (i.e., the discharge mode). A circuit output transmits the analog waveform defined by the charge mode and the discharge mode. A charge current magnitude greater than the discharge current magnitude produces an upward-sloping analog waveform. A charge current magnitude less than the discharge current magnitude produces a downward-sloping analog waveform.
1 . A digital-to-analog converter circuit comprising:
a charging controlled input configured to operate, using an input digital waveform, a charge control switch to set a charge time period;
a discharging controlled input configured to operate, using the input digital waveform, a discharge control switch to set a discharge time period;
a charge source configured to electrically charge a load capacitor during the charge time period, to define a charge mode;
a discharge source configured to electrically discharge the load capacitor during the discharge time period, to define a discharge mode; and
a circuit output configured to transmit an analog waveform defined at least in part by the charge mode and the discharge mode.
2 . The digital-to-analog converter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the charge time period and the discharge time period are simultaneous within an operation window, to define a charge integration window.
3 . The digital-to-analog converter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the charging controlled input is further configured to create a charging control signal from the input digital waveform and to transmit the charging control signal to operate the charge control switch.
4 . The digital-to-analog converter circuit according to claim 3 , wherein the charging control signal is characterized by an On state to operate the charge control switch to enable the charge mode.
5 . The digital-to-analog converter circuit according to claim 3 , wherein the charging control signal is characterized by an Off state to operate the charge control switch to disable the charge mode.
6 . The digital-to-analog converter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the discharging controlled input is further configured create a discharging control signal from the input digital waveform and to transmit the discharging control signal to operate the charge control switch.
7 . The digital-to-analog converter circuit according to claim 6 , wherein the discharging control signal is characterized by an On state to operate the discharge control switch to enable the discharge mode.
8 . The digital-to-analog converter circuit according to claim 6 , wherein the discharging control signal is characterized by an Off state to operate the discharge control switch to disable the discharge mode.
9 . A method of operating a digital-to-analog converter circuit comprising a charging controlled input, a charge control switch, a discharging controlled input, a discharge control switch, a charge source, a discharge source, and a load capacitor; the method comprising:
receiving, using the charging controlled input and the discharging controlled input, an input digital waveform;
operating, using the charging controlled input, the charge control switch to set a charge time period based on the input digital waveform;
operating, using the discharging controlled input, the discharge control switch to set a discharge time period based on the input digital waveform;
electrically charging, using the charge source, the load capacitor during the charge time period, to define a charge mode;
electrically discharging, using the discharge source, the load capacitor during the discharge time period, to define a discharge mode; and
transmitting, using the circuit output, an analog waveform defined at least in part by the charge mode and the discharge mode.
10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the charge time period and the discharge time period are simultaneous within an operation window, to define a charge integration window.
11 . The method according to claim 9 , further comprising creating, using the charging controlled input, a charging control signal from the input digital waveform; and transmitting, using the charging controlled input, the charging control signal to the charge control switch.
12 . The method according to claim 11 , further comprising operating, using the charging control signal characterized by an On state, the charge control switch to enable the charge mode.
13 . The method according to claim 11 , further comprising operating, using the charging control signal characterized by an Off state, the charge control switch to disable the charge mode.
14 . The method according to claim 9 , further comprising creating, using the discharging controlled input, a discharging control signal from the input digital waveform; and transmitting, using the discharging controlled input, the discharging control signal to the charge control switch.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , further comprising operating, using the discharging control signal characterized by an On state, the discharge control switch to enable the discharge mode.
16 . The method according to claim 14 , further comprising operating, using the discharging control signal characterized by an Off state, the discharge control switch to disable the discharge mode.
17 . A method of operating an analog waveform generation system having a digital-to-analog converter circuit comprising a charging controlled input, a charge control switch, a discharging controlled input, a discharge control switch, a charge source having a charge gain, a discharge source having a discharge gain, and a circuit output; the method comprising:
transmitting an input digital waveform to the digital-to-analog converter circuit;
operating, using the charging controlled input, the charge control switch to set a charge time period based on the input digital waveform;
operating, using the discharging controlled input, the discharge control switch to set a discharge time period equal to the charge time period based on the input digital waveform;
operating, using the charge gain, the charge source to set a charge current magnitude based on the input digital waveform;
operating, using the discharge gain, the discharge source to set a discharge current magnitude based on the input digital waveform;
electrically supplying, using the charge source, a charging current during the charge time period, to define a charge mode;
electrically supplying, using the discharge source, a discharging current during the discharge time period, to define a discharge mode; and
transmitting, using the circuit output, an analog waveform defined at least in part by the charge mode and the discharge mode.
18 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the charge current magnitude is greater than the discharge current magnitude and the analog waveform is characterized by an upward-sloping substantially linear segment.
19 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the charge current magnitude is less than the discharge current magnitude and the analog waveform is characterized by a downward-sloping substantially linear segment.
20 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the digital-to-analog converter circuit further comprises a cryogenic Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).