Blends Of Synthetic Diesel Fuel And Petroleum Diesel Fuel With Inproved Performance Characteristics
The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a synthetic fuel derived from a alternative resources such as natural gas, associated gas, biomass, or other feedstocks is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 5% by volume of the synthetic fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 2.5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various performance characteristics of the traditional fuel by at least 5%.
1 . A blended fuel comprising:
(a) about 5% to about 95%, by volume, of a petroleum fuel; and
(b) about 95% to about 5%, by volume, of a synthetic fuel produced from a natural gas feedstock, using a thermochemical or biochemical conversion process:
wherein the synthetic fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least about 20% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the synthetic fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 40% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel; and
wherein the blended fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least 1% lower than the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the blended fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 2% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel.
2 . The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the blended fuel is produced by a process comprising converting a natural gas feedstock into a syngas and
reacting the syngas with a catalyst to produce the synthetic fuel.
3 . The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the performance characteristic values are any one of a cetane number, a lubricity value, a sulfur content, and an oxidative stability value.
4 . The blended fuel of claim 3 , wherein the lubricity value of the synthetic fuel is at least 40% lower than the lubricity value of the petroleum fuel measured by ASTM D 6079.
5 . The blended fuel of claim 3 , wherein the cetane number of the synthetic fuel is at least 40% higher than the cetane number of the petroleum fuel measured by ASTM D613.
6 . The blended fuel of claim 3 , wherein the synthetic fuel is a Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel fuel and the petroleum fuel is a petrodiesel fuel.
7 . The blended fuel of claim 3 , wherein the lubricity value of the synthetic fuel is less than about 450 microns by HFRR at 60° C. (scar) measured by ASTM D 6079.
8 . The blended fuel of claim 3 , wherein the lubricity value of the blended fuel is less than about 450 microns by HFRR at 60° C. (scar) measured by ASTM D 6079.
9 . The blended fuel of claim 3 , wherein the cetane number of the synthetic fuel is greater than about 65 measured by ASTM D 613.
10 . The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is associated gas.
11 . A process for producing a blended fuel comprising:
converting a natural gas feedstock into a syngas;
reacting the syngas with a catalyst to produce a synthetic fuel; and
blending about 5% to about 95%, by volume, of the synthetic fuel with about 5% to about 95%, by volume, of a petroleum fuel,
wherein the synthetic fuel has a cetane number of greater than about 65, and the synthetic fuel has a lubricity value which is less than about 450 microns by HFRR at 60° C. (scar) measured by ASTM D 6079.
12 . The process of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst has a pore diameter greater than about 120 angstroms, an effective pellet radium of less than 600 microns, a crush strength of greater than 3 lbs/mm, and a BET surface area of greater than 100 m 2 /g.
13 . The process of claim 12 , wherein the catalyst is produced in a fixed bed reactor that is reduced in-situ at a temperature below 650° F.
14 . A blended fuel produced by the process of claim 11 .
15 . The blended fuel of claim 14 , wherein the natural gas feedstock is a associated gas.
16 . The blended fuel of claim 14 , wherein the synthetic fuel is a non-ester diesel fuel and the petroleum fuel is a petrodiesel fuel.
17 . The blended fuel of claim 14 , wherein the synthetic fuel has a well-to-wheels green house gas content which is at least about 20% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel.
18 . A fuel blend, wherein the fuel blend is produced by blending a petroleum derived diesel fuel with a synthetic diesel fuel, wherein the synthetic diesel fuel is produced directly from the catalytic conversion of syngas and which does not require hydro-cracking of wax.
19 . The fuel blend of claim 18 , wherein the fuel blend comprises about 5 to 50% volume of the synthetic diesel fuel with about 95% to 50% of the petroleum derived fuel.
20 . The fuel blend of claim 18 , wherein the fuel blend has a cetane value of greater than 65.
21 . The fuel blend according to claim 18 , wherein the fuel blend has an ASTM HFCC lubricity value of 450 or less.