High-capacity superabsorbent materials and methods of making same
Described herein are super absorbent materials (SAMs) and methods of making SAMs. The SAMs are copolymerized after formation of monomer complexes to incorporate select inorganic salts into the polymerized SAMS. The SAMs are copolymerized with select stable inorganic salts and/or with select redox active inorganic salts. The SAMS are copolymerized in a single-step polymerization process or in a staged polymerization process. The copolymer-based SAMs have significantly improved absorbance properties. The compositions and methods described herein are useful in a variety of absorbent products.
1. A method of making a superabsorbent polymer comprising:
a polymer backbone comprising:
a neutralized backbone monomer;
a neutralized backbone monomer complexed with a coordination complex comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2;
optionally an un-neutralized backbone monomer; and
optionally an un-neutralized backbone monomer complexed with a coordination complex comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2; and
optionally a crosslinker, the method comprising:
forming a complex between a monomer and a salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2;
forming a mixture comprising
a solvent;
the complex between a monomer and a salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2; and
optionally a crosslinker;
initiating a reaction; and
reacting the mixture.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method step of forming a complex between a monomer and a salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2 comprises
forming a mixture comprising the monomer and the salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2:
isolating solid precipitates produced in the mixture by complexation;
optionally washing the solid precipitates; and
optionally drying the solid precipitates.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complex between a monomer and a salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2 comprises a neutralized monomer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer is an un-neutralized monomer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer is a neutralized monomer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complex between a monomer and a salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2 is provided to the mixture in an amount sufficient to provide a loading ratio of from about 0.005 to 1.00 weight percent relative to the weight of the superabsorbent polymer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a single-step polymerization method.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a staged polymerization method.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the method step of initiating a reaction comprises heating the mixture to a first temperature.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2 is a salt comprising a redox active metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method step of reacting the mixture is an initial polymerization stage comprising reacting the mixture at a first temperature, and wherein the method further comprises a final polymerization stage comprising
optionally adding a crosslinker to the mixture;
optionally adding the complex between a first monomer and a salt comprising a redox active metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2 to the mixture;
heating the mixture from the first temperature to a second temperature; and
reacting the mixture at the second temperature.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the mixture further comprises a stable salt comprising a metal ion with an oxidation state of at least 2.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising at least one intermediate polymerization stage between the initial polymerization stage and the final polymerization stage.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method comprises a number of polymerization stages in a range of from 2 to 5.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises drying the reaction product.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises grinding the reaction product.
17. A superabsorbent polymer produced according to the method of claim 1 .
18. A method of using the superabsorbent polymer according to claim 17 , the method comprising using the superabsorbent polymer in a consumer product.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer is in the form of a particle with a diameter in the range of about 100 μm to about 1000 μm.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the consumer product is selected from the group consisting of personal hygiene products, wipes, napkins, bibs, disposable bed liners, wound dressings, food packaging, baby and adult diaper products, child training pants, feminine pads and napkins, arm bands, agricultural and pet products that contain superabsorbent ingredients, disposable absorbent products, and combinations thereof.