Adaptive power oscillation damping controller for a grid-forming converter
The present disclosure provides a method and a control unit for controlling a power unit connected at a connection point to a power grid. The method comprises obtaining a power oscillation damping (POD) signal from a POD controller, based on a power oscillation in the power grid. A gain value may be determined based on a difference between a first voltage measurement at the connection point and a first voltage reference, or an estimated short circuit ratio of the power grid. The POD signal may be added to an input signal of a power unit regulator to obtain an intermediate reference signal. A combined reference signal may be determined based on adding the POD signal, multiplied by the gain value, to the intermediate reference signal. The power unit may be operated using the determined combined reference signal to damp the oscillation in the grid.
1. A method for controlling a power unit connected at a connection point to a power grid, the method comprising:
obtaining, from a power oscillation damping (POD) controller, a POD signal based on a power oscillation in the power grid;
determining a gain value based on:
a difference between a first voltage measurement, measured at the connection point, and a first voltage reference, or
an estimated short circuit ratio (SCR) of the power grid;
adding the POD signal to an input signal of a power unit regulator to obtain an intermediate reference signal from the power unit regulator, wherein the input signal is based on a reference value for the power grid and a corresponding measured value of the power grid;
determining a combined reference signal based on adding the POD signal, multiplied by the gain value, to the intermediate reference signal; and
operating the power unit using the determined combined reference signal to damp said power oscillation in the power grid.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determination of the gain value comprises:
feeding the difference between the first voltage measurement and the first voltage reference or the estimated SCR into a first controller; and
determining the gain value based on an output from the first controller.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising obtaining the gain value from a look-up table based on the output from the first controller.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power unit regulator comprises a voltage regulator and the method further comprises:
obtaining the first reference voltage and the first voltage measurement; and
determining the input of the power unit regulator based on the first voltage reference and the first voltage measurement.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power unit regulator comprises a reactive power regulator and the method further comprises:
obtaining a first reactive power measurement, measured at the connection point, and a first reactive power reference; and
determining the input of the power unit regulator based on the first reactive power reference and the first reactive power measurement.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power oscillation is a power oscillation in a range 0.2-2 Hz.
7. A control unit for a power unit connected at a connection point to a power grid, the control unit comprising a power unit regulator, the control unit being configured to:
obtain, from a power oscillation damping (POD) controller, a POD signal based on a power oscillation in the power grid;
determine a gain value based on:
a difference between a first voltage measurement, measured at the connection point, and a first voltage reference, or
an estimated short circuit ratio (SCR) of the power grid;
add the POD signal to an input signal of the power unit regulator to obtain an intermediate reference signal from the power unit regulator, wherein the input signal is based on a reference value for the power grid and a corresponding measured value of the power grid;
determine a combined reference signal based on adding the POD signal, multiplied by the gain value, to the intermediate reference signal; and
operate the power unit using the determined combined reference signal to damp said power oscillation in the owner grid.
8. The control unit of claim 7 , further comprising a first controller, wherein the control unit is further configured to:
feed the difference between the first voltage measurement and the first voltage reference or the estimated SCR into the first controller; and
determine the gain value based on an output from the first controller.
9. The control unit of claim 8 , further comprising a look-up table, the control unit being further configured to obtain the gain value from the look-up table based on the output from the first controller.
10. The control unit of claim 7 , wherein the power unit regulator comprises a voltage regulator, the control unit being further configured to:
obtain the first reference voltage and the first voltage measurement; and
determine the input of the power unit regulator based on the first voltage reference and the first voltage measurement.
11. The control unit of claim 7 , wherein the power unit regulator comprises a reactive power regulator, the control unit being further configured to:
obtain a first reactive power measurement, measured at the connection point, and a first reactive power reference; and
determine the input of the power unit regulator based on the first reactive power reference and the first reactive power measurement.
12. The control unit of claim 7 , wherein the control unit is configured to obtain the POD signal, from the POD controller, based on a power oscillation in a range 0.2-2 Hz in the power grid.