SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING AN OXIMETRY VALUE USING A PERSONALIZED CALIBRATION EQUATION AND/OR TISSUE MODEL
Optical, geometric, and/or physiological characteristics of a mammal and/or a pregnant mammal's abdomen may be used to determine a personalized calibration formula for the respective mammal or pregnant mammal's abdomen. This personalized calibration formula may be used to analyze or evaluate light transmission data corresponding to an optical signal that is detected by a photodetector and converted into the light transmission data to determine an oximetry value for the mammal, pregnant mammal, and/or fetus. The optical signal may be a composite of light that was incident on the mammal or pregnant mammal's abdomen her fetus. On some occasions, an image of the mammal's tissue and/or the pregnant mammal's abdomen may be received and used to generate a tissue model of the respective mammal's tissue or maternal abdomen. The tissue model may be used to generate, or adjust, the personalized calibration formula.
1 . A method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, an optical characteristic of a pregnant mammal's abdomen;
determining, by the processor, a personalized calibration formula for the pregnant mammal's abdomen using the optical characteristic;
receiving, by the processor, light transmission data, the light transmission data corresponding to an optical signal that is detected by a photodetector and converted into the light transmission data, the optical signal being a composite of light that was incident on the pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus disposed within the pregnant mammal's abdomen; and
determining, by the processor, an oximetry value for the fetus using the personalized calibration formula and the received light transmission data.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving a geometrical characteristic of the pregnant mammal's abdomen, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further determined using the geometrical characteristic.
3 . The method of claim 1 or 2 , further comprising:
receiving a physiological characteristic of at least one of the pregnant mammal and the fetus, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further determined using the physiological characteristic.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the physiological characteristic is a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level of the pregnant mammal.
5 . The method of any of claims 1-4 , wherein the oximetry value is at least one of a level of fetal hemoglobin oxygen saturation and a level of fetal tissue oxygen saturation.
6 . The method of any of claims 1-5 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, an image of the pregnant mammal's abdomen; and
analyzing, by the processor, the image to determine the optical characteristic.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the image is at least one of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image and an ultrasound image.
8 . The method of any of claims 1-7 , further comprising:
determining, by the processor, an indication of fetal distress using the fetal oximetry value; and
providing, by the processor, the indication of fetal distress a to a display device.
9 . The method of any of claims 1-8 , further comprising:
comparing, by the processor, the fetal oximetry value to a threshold fetal oximetry value; and
providing, by the processor, an indication of the comparison to a display device.
10 . The method of any of claims 1-9 , wherein determining the personalized calibration formula for the pregnant mammal's abdomen further comprises:
generating, by the processor, a tissue model of the pregnant mammal's abdomen, wherein the tissue model is used by the processor to determine the personalized calibration formula.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the oximetry value for the fetus further includes inputting the received light transmission data into the tissue model.
12 . The method of any of claims 10-11 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, an image of the pregnant mammal's abdomen, wherein the tissue model is generated using the image.
13 . The method of any of claims 1-12 , wherein determining the personalized calibration formula further comprises:
querying, by the processor, a database of calibration equations for a calibration equation for the pregnant mammal, the query requesting a calibration equation that is responsive to the optical characteristic of a pregnant mammal's abdomen; and
receiving, by the processor, a calibration equation from the database responsively to the query.
14 . The method of any of claims 1-13 , wherein the optical characteristic is a light scattering coefficient specific to the pregnant mammal.
15 . The method of any of claims 1-14 , wherein the optical characteristic is a light absorption coefficient specific to the pregnant mammal.
16 . The method of any of claims 1-15 , wherein the optical characteristic is a skin color of the pregnant mammal.
17 . The method of any of claims 1-16 , further comprising:
determining whether the fetus has fetal hypoxia or fetal hypoxemia using the oximetry value for the fetus; and
providing an indication of a determination that the fetus has fetal hypoxia or fetal hypoxemia to a display device.
18 . A method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, an image of a pregnant mammal's abdomen;
generating, by the processor, a tissue model of the pregnant mammal's abdomen using the image;
generating, by the processor, a personalized calibration formula for the pregnant mammal using the tissue model.
19 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
running, by the processor, prior to generating the personalized calibration formula, a simulation of light transmission and reflectance through the tissue model, thereby generating a set of simulated light transmission/reflectance data;
receiving, by the processor, actual light transmission/reflectance data corresponding to light incident upon and reflected by the pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus contained therein;
comparing, by the processor, the simulated light transmission/reflectance data and actual light transmission/reflectance data, wherein generating the personalized calibration formula further uses a result of the comparison.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
determining, by the processor, an oximetry value for the fetus using the personalized calibration formula and the received actual light transmission/reflectance data.
21 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
running, by the processor prior to generating the personalized calibration formula, a simulation of light transmission and reflectance through the tissue model, thereby generating a set of simulated light transmission/reflectance data;
receiving, by the processor, actual light transmission/reflectance data corresponding to light incident upon and reflected by the pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus contained therein;
comparing, by the processor, the simulated light transmission/reflectance data and actual light transmission/reflectance data;
adjusting, by the processor, the tissue model responsively to a result of the comparison, thereby generating an adjusted tissue model.
22 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
determining, by the processor, an oximetry value for the fetus using the adjusted tissue model and the received actual light transmission/reflectance data.
23 . The method of any of claims 18-22 , further comprising:
receiving a geometrical characteristic of at least one of the pregnant mammal's abdomen and the fetus, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further generated using the geometrical characteristic.
24 . The method of any of claims 18-23 , further comprising:
receiving a physiological characteristic of at least one of the pregnant mammal and the fetus, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further generated using the physiological characteristic.
25 . The method of any of claims 18-24 , further comprising:
receiving an optical characteristic of at least one of the pregnant mammal and the fetus, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further generated using the optical characteristic.
26 . The method of any of claims 18-25 , wherein the image is at least one of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image and an ultrasound image.
27 . The method of any of claims 18-26 , wherein determining the personalized calibration formula further comprises:
querying, by the processor, a database of calibration equations for a calibration equation for the pregnant mammal, the query requesting a calibration equation that is responsive to a characteristic of the image; and
receiving, by the processor, a calibration equation from the database responsively to the query.
28 . The method of any of claims 18-27 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a light scattering coefficient specific to the pregnant mammal, wherein the tissue model of the pregnant mammal's abdomen is further generated using the light scattering coefficient.
29 . The method of any of claims 18-28 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a light absorption coefficient specific to the pregnant mammal, wherein the tissue model of the pregnant mammal's abdomen is further generated using the light absorption coefficient.
30 . The method of any of claims 18-29 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a skin color of at least one of the pregnant mammal and the fetus, wherein the tissue model of the pregnant mammal's abdomen is further generated using the skin color.
31 . The method of any of claims 18-30 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level of the pregnant mammal, wherein the tissue model of the pregnant mammal's abdomen is further generated using the hemoglobin oxygen saturation level of the pregnant mammal.
32 . A method comprising:
determining information regarding a blood oxygen value of a patient, the determining comprising:
receiving a personalized calibration formula for a patient;
obtaining at least one signal indicating light detected from the patient following application of light to the patient; and
analyzing the at least one signal using the personalized calibration formula to determine blood oxygen information for the patient.
33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the calibration formula is personalized to the patient using at least one of an optical, geometric, and physiological characteristic of the patient.
34 . The method of claim 32 or 33 , wherein the calibration formula is personalized to the patient using at least one of a skin tone of the patient and skin melanin content for the patient.
35 . The method of any of claims 32-34 , wherein the calibration formula is personalized to the patient using a characteristic of the at least one signal.
36 . The method of any of claims 32-35 , wherein the calibration formula is personalized to the patient using at least one of a light scattering coefficient and a light absorption coefficient specific to the patient.
37 . The method of any of claims 32-36 , wherein the information regarding the blood oxygen value of the patient is a level of hemoglobin oxygen saturation for the patient.
38 . The method of any of claims 32-37 , wherein the information regarding the blood oxygen value of the patient is a level of tissue oxygen saturation for the patient.
39 . The method of any of claims 32-38 , further comprising:
determining whether the patient has hypoxia or hypoxemia using the blood oxygen value; and
providing an indication of a determination that the patient has hypoxia or hypoxemia to a display device.
40 . A method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, an optical characteristic of a mammal;
determining, by the processor, a personalized calibration formula for the mammal using the optical characteristic;
receiving, by the processor, light transmission data, the light transmission data corresponding to an optical signal that is detected by a photodetector and converted into the light transmission data, the optical signal being a composite of light that was incident on the mammal; and
determining, by the processor, an oximetry value for the mammal using the personalized calibration formula and the received light transmission data.
41 . The method of claim 40 , further comprising:
receiving a geometrical characteristic of the mammal, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further determined using the geometrical characteristic.
42 . The method of claim 40 or 41 , further comprising:
receiving a physiological characteristic of the mammal, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further determined using the physiological characteristic.
43 . The method of claim 42 , wherein the physiological characteristic is a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level of the mammal.
44 . The method of any of claims 40-43 , wherein the oximetry value is at least one of a level of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and a level of tissue oxygen saturation.
45 . The method of any of claims 40-44 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, an image of the mammal; and
analyzing, by the processor, the image to determine the optical characteristic.
46 . The method of claim 45 , wherein the image is at least one of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image and an ultrasound image.
47 . The method of any of claims 40-46 , further comprising:
determining, by the processor, an indication of distress for the mammal using the oximetry value; and
providing, by the processor, the indication of the distress a to a display device.
48 . The method of any of claims 40-47 , further comprising:
comparing, by the processor, the oximetry value to a threshold oximetry value; and
providing, by the processor, an indication of the comparison to a display device.
49 . The method of any of claims 40-48 , wherein determining the personalized calibration formula for the mammal further comprises:
generating, by the processor, a tissue model of the mammal, wherein the tissue model is used by the processor to determine the personalized calibration formula.
50 . The method of claim 49 , wherein determining the oximetry value for the mammal further includes inputting the received light transmission data into the tissue model.
51 . The method of any of claims 40-50 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, an image of the mammal, wherein the tissue model is generated using the image.
52 . The method of any of claims 40-51 , wherein determining the personalized calibration formula further comprises:
querying, by the processor, a database of calibration equations for a calibration equation for the mammal, the query requesting a calibration equation that is responsive to the optical characteristic of a mammal; and
receiving, by the processor, a calibration equation from the database responsively to the query.
53 . The method of any of claims 40-52 , wherein the optical characteristic is a light scattering coefficient specific to the mammal.
54 . The method of any of claims 40-53 , wherein the optical characteristic is a light absorption coefficient specific to the mammal.
55 . The method of any of claims 40-54 , wherein the optical characteristic is a skin color of the mammal.
56 . The method of any of claims 40-55 , further comprising:
determining whether the mammal has hypoxia or hypoxemia using the oximetry value; and
providing an indication of a determination that the mammal has hypoxia or hypoxemia to a display device.
57 . A method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, an image of a mammal;
generating, by the processor, a tissue model of the mammal using the image;
generating, by the processor, a personalized calibration formula for the mammal using the tissue model.
58 . The method of claim 57 , further comprising:
running, by the processor prior to generating the personalized calibration formula, a simulation of light transmission and reflectance through the tissue model, thereby generating a set of simulated light transmission/reflectance data;
receiving, by the processor, actual light transmission/reflectance data corresponding to light incident upon and reflected by the mammal;
comparing, by the processor, the simulated light transmission/reflectance data and actual light transmission/reflectance data, wherein generating the personalized calibration formula further uses a result of the comparison.
59 . The method of claim 58 , further comprising:
determining, by the processor, an oximetry value for the mammal using the personalized calibration formula and the received actual light transmission/reflectance data.
60 . The method of claim 57 , further comprising:
running, by the processor prior to generating the personalized calibration formula, a simulation of light transmission and reflectance through the tissue model, thereby generating a set of simulated light transmission/reflectance data;
receiving, by the processor, actual light transmission/reflectance data corresponding to light incident upon and reflected by the mammal;
comparing, by the processor, the simulated light transmission/reflectance data and actual light transmission/reflectance data;
adjusting, by the processor, the tissue model responsively to a result of the comparison, thereby generating an adjusted tissue model.
61 . The method of claim 60 , further comprising:
determining, by the processor, an oximetry value for the mammal using the adjusted tissue model and the received actual light transmission/reflectance data.
62 . The method of any of claims 57-61 , further comprising:
receiving a geometrical characteristic of the mammal, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further generated using the geometrical characteristic.
63 . The method of any of claims 57-62 , further comprising:
receiving a physiological characteristic of the mammal, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further generated using the physiological characteristic.
64 . The method of any of claims 57-63 , further comprising:
receiving an optical characteristic of the mammal, wherein the personalized calibration formula is further generated using the optical characteristic.
65 . The method of any of claims 57-64 , wherein the image is at least one of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image and an ultrasound image.
66 . The method of any of claims 57-65 , wherein determining the personalized calibration formula further comprises:
querying, by the processor, a database of calibration equations for a calibration equation for the mammal, the query requesting a calibration equation that is responsive to a characteristic of the image; and
receiving, by the processor, a calibration equation from the database responsively to the query.
67 . The method of any of claims 57-66 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a light scattering coefficient specific to the mammal, wherein the tissue model of the mammal is further generated using the light scattering coefficient.
68 . The method of any of claims 57-67 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a light absorption coefficient specific to the mammal, wherein the tissue model of the mammal is further generated using the light absorption coefficient.
69 . The method of any of claims 57-68 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a skin color of the mammal, wherein the tissue model of the mammal is further generated using the skin color.
70 . The method of any of claims 57-69 , further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level of the mammal, wherein the tissue model of the mammal is further generated using the hemoglobin oxygen saturation level of the mammal.
71 . A system comprising:
a processor in communication with a memory; and
the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 1-17 .
72 . A system comprising:
a processor in communication with a memory; and
the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 18-31 .
73 . A system comprising:
a processor in communication with a memory; and
the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 32-39 .
74 . A system comprising:
a processor in communication with a memory; and
the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 40-56 .
75 . A system comprising:
a processor in communication with a memory; and
the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 57 - 71 .