LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS DERIVED BIOINTERMEDIATES AND RENEWABLE FUELS

1 . A hydrophobic biohydrocarbon comprising a mixture of substantially hydrophobic hydrocarbons derived from lignocellulosic biomass and further comprising hydrophobic phenols, hydrophobic organic furans, hydrophobic oleoresins, and hydrophobic esters.

2 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 wherein hydrophobic esters comprise oleoresins.

3 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 wherein hydrophobic esters comprise butyl ester.

4 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 wherein hydrophobic furans comprise furfural derived from hemicellulose further deriving from the lignocellulosic biomass.

5 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 wherein hydrophobic phenols comprise depolymerized lignin deriving from the lignocellulosic biomass.

6 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a water content of less than 10% by weight.

7 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a water content of less than 5% by weight.

8 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a water content of less than 2% by weight.

9 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of 1 with a carbon content in a range of about 50% to about 90% by weight.

10 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a carbon content in a range of about 60% to about 90% by weight.

11 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a carbon content of greater than 70% by weight.

12 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a renewable carbon content in a range of about 70% to about 90% by weight.

13 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a renewable carbon content in a range of about 40% to about 80% by weight.

14 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a renewable carbon content in a range of about 50% to about 80% by weight.

15 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a hydrogen content in a range of about 4% to about 15% by weight.

16 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a hydrogen content in a range of about 7% to about 15% by weight.

17 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a hydrogen content in a range of about 10% to about 15% by weight.

18 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with an oxygen content of less than 40% by weight.

19 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with an oxygen content of less than 20% by weight.

20 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with an oxygen content of less than 5% by weight.

21 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a sulfur content of less than 4% by weight.

22 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a sulfur content of less than 2% by weight.

23 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with a sulfur content of less than 1% by weight.

24 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 wherein water soluble and hydrophilic compounds are less than 10% by weight.

25 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 wherein water soluble and hydrophilic compounds are less than 5% by weight.

26 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 wherein water soluble and hydrophilic compounds are less than 2% by weight.

27 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with an energy content in a range of about 11,000 to about 25,000 btu per pound.

28 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with an energy content in a range of about 12,000 to about 25,000 btu per pound.

29 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with an energy content in a range of about 15,000 to about 25,000 btu per pound.

30 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 with thermoplastic characteristics.

31 . A hydrophobic biohydrocarbon derived from lignocellulosic biomass comprising a mixture of substantially hydrophobic hydrocarbons further comprising hydrophobic phenols, hydrophobic organic furans, hydrophobic oleoresins, and hydrophobic esters, wherein the hydrophobic biohydrocarbon has a carbon content in a range of about 50% to about 90% by weight, an oxygen content of less than 40% by weight, a hydrogen content in a range of about 4% to about 14% by weight, an energy content of more than 11,000 btu per pound and less than 25,000 btu per pound, a water content less than 10%, and a water soluble and hydrophilic compound content less than 10% by weight.

32 . A method of processing a lignocellulosic biomass, the method comprising the steps of simultaneously making two renewable fuel feedstocks from lignocellulosic biomass comprising (1) a hydrophobic biohydrocarbon comprising a mixture of substantially hydrophobic hydrocarbons further comprising hydrophobic phenols, hydrophobic organic furans, hydrophobic oleoresins, and hydrophobic esters, and (2) a water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer that is essentially free of water soluble lignocellulosic biomass derivatives and hydrophobic lignocellulosic biomass derivatives, by:

combining prepared lignocellulosic biomass with water and at least two hydrophobic solvents to form a biomass multiphase mixture;

heating and pressurizing the biomass multiphase mixture in a reaction zone for a sufficient reaction time to cause at least a portion of the biomass multiphase mixture to react and fractionate into

1. a substantially aqueous water soluble fraction,

2. a substantially water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer fraction, and

3. a substantially hydrophobic solution fraction;

separating and removing the water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer fraction that is essentially free of water soluble lignocellulosic biomass derivatives and hydrophobic lignocellulosic biomass derivatives;

separating and removing the aqueous water soluble fraction from the hydrophobic solution fraction; and,

separating and removing a low molecular weight portion of the hydrophobic solution fraction for recycling in producing additional biomass multiphase mixture, wherein a remaining portion of the hydrophobic solution fraction is a hydrophobic biohydrocarbon comprising a mixture of substantially hydrophobic hydrocarbons derived from lignocellulosic biomass and further comprising hydrophobic phenols, hydrophobic organic furans, hydrophobic oleoresins, and hydrophobic esters.

33 . The method according to claim 32 in which at least one or more hydrophobic solvents are immiscible in water at 20° C. but form an emulsion or become miscible with water at the reaction temperature and pressure in the reaction zone.

34 . The method according to claim 32 in which water and at least one or more hydrophobic solvents are combined with the water at a water to solvent ratio of 10:1 to 1:10.

35 . The method according to claim 32 in which the lignocellulosic biomass is combined with water and at least two hydrophobic solvents at a biomass to water and solvent ratio of 1:1 to 1:20.

36 . The method according to claim 32 wherein the reaction zone is at a reaction temperature of 100° C. to 400° C. and reaction pressure of 100 psig to 1,500 psig, until such time as at least a portion of the biomass multiphase mixture has reacted and fractionated into a substantially aqueous water soluble fraction, a substantially water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer fraction, and a substantially hydrophobic solution fraction.

37 . The method according to claim 32 wherein the separation and removal of the water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer fraction comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of filtration, gravimetric settling, centrifugation, decanting, heating, evaporation, distillation, and combinations thereof.

38 . The method according to claim 32 comprising an additional step of washing the separated and removed water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer fraction with at least one selected from the group consisting of water, steam, alcohol, additional solvents, and blends thereof.

39 . The method according to claim 32 wherein the aqueous water soluble fraction separation and removal steps further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of filtration, gravimetric settling, centrifugation, decanting, heating, evaporation, distillation, and combinations thereof.

40 . The method according to claim 39 wherein the aqueous water soluble fraction separation and removal step causes esterification, acetylation, polymerization, cross-linking, or other phase separation reactions amongst a portion of the components of the hydrophobic solution fraction.

41 . The method according to claim 32 comprising the additional step of purifying the hydrophobic solution fraction with at least one selected from the group consisting of water, steam, alcohol, additional solvents, and blends thereof.

42 . The method according to claim 32 wherein the separation and removal of the low molecular weight portion of the hydrophobic solution fraction further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of filtration, gravimetric settling, centrifugation, decanting, heating, evaporation, distillation, and combinations thereof.

43 . The method according to claim 42 wherein the separation and removal of the low molecular weight portion of the hydrophobic solution fraction causes esterification, acetylation, polymerization, cross-linking, or other phase separation reactions amongst a portion of the components of the substantially hydrophobic solution fraction.

44 . The method according to claim 32 wherein at least one additive is combined with the hydrophobic solution fraction.

45 . The method according to claim 44 wherein at least one additive comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of organic acid, oil, lipid, free fatty acid, triacylglyceride, hydrocarbon, biomass, carbon black, biochar, ester, acetate, or other source of carbon or hydrogen, or blends thereof.

46 . The method according to claim 32 , further comprising the step of refining the hydrophobic biohydrocarbon to produce a refined hydrophobic biohydrocarbon, wherein the refining includes at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrodeoxygenation, hydrogenation, hydrocracking, distillation, and combinations thereof.

47 . The method according to claim 46 wherein the refined hydrophobic biohydrocarbon is at least one selected from the group consisting of renewable gasoline, renewable diesel fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, marine fuel, and combinations thereof.

48 . A method comprising the step of hydrolyzing the water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer produced using the method of claim 32 to produce cellulosic sugar.

49 . The method according to claim 48 , further comprising the step of fermenting the cellulosic sugar into at least one selected from the group of acetic acid, butanol, ethanol, lipids, free fatty acids, triacylglycerides, and combinations thereof.

50 . The method according to claim 49 wherein the butanol is recycled for use in producing additional biomass multiphase mixture.

51 . The method according to claim 49 wherein the ethanol is refined into at least one selected from the group consisting of renewable gasoline, renewable diesel fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, and combinations thereof.

52 . The method according to claim 49 wherein at least one of the lipids, free fatty acids, or triacylglycerides is refined into at least one selected from the group consisting of renewable gasoline, biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, marine fuel, and combinations thereof.

53 . A water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer produced by any one of claims 32 to 52 , wherein the water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer is essentially free of water soluble and hydrophobic lignocellulosic biomass derivatives and derivatives that inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis.

54 . A cellulosic sugar produced by subjecting the water insoluble hydrophilic cellulosic biopolymer produced in claim 53 to at least one selected from the group consisting of enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and combinations thereof.

55 . A renewable feedstock produced by fermenting the cellulosic sugar produced in claim 54 to produce at least one selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, butanol, ethanol, fatty acids, lipids, triacylglycerides, and combinations thereof.

56 . A renewable fuel produced by refining the ethanol produced in claim 55 , wherein the renewable fuel comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of renewable gasoline, renewable diesel fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, and combinations thereof.

57 . A renewable fuel produced by refining at least one selected from the group consisting of the fatty acids, lipids, triacylglycerides, and combinations thereof produced in claim 55 , wherein the renewable fuel is at least one selected from the group consisting of renewable gasoline, biodiesel, renewable diesel fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, marine fuel, and combinations thereof.

58 . A renewable fuel produced from a hydrophobic biohydrocarbon produced by any one of claims 32-52 wherein the hydrophobic biohydrocarbon is further processed using at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrodeoxygenation, hydrogenation, hydrocracking, distillation, and combinations thereof.

59 . A liquid phase hydrophobic biohydrocarbon produced by any one of claims 32-52 and comprising 35% to 99% of a solvent.

60 . A solid phase hydrophobic biohydrocarbon produced by any one of claims 32-52 and comprising 0% to 35% of a solvent.

61 . The solid phase hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 60 wherein the thermoplastic melting temperature is greater than 65° C. and less than 380° C.

62 . A hydrophobic biohydrocarbon comprising a mixture of substantially hydrophobic hydrocarbons derived from lignocellulosic biomass further comprising hydrophobic phenols, hydrophobic organic furans, hydrophobic oleoresins, and hydrophobic esters, wherein the hydrophobic biohydrocarbon has a carbon content of 50% by weight, an oxygen content of 30% by weight, a hydrogen content of 4%, an energy content of 11,000 btu per pound, a water content of 6%, and a water soluble and hydrophilic compound content of 10% by weight.

63 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 , further comprising humic compounds such as humic acid and fulvic acid.

64 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 63 , wherein the humic compound content is greater than 40%.

65 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 63 , wherein the humic compound content is greater than 50%.

66 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 63 , wherein the humic compound content is greater than 60%.

67 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 1 , further comprising ethanol to create a liquid HBHC.

68 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 65 , wherein the ethanol addition is in a range from 35% to 90%.

69 . The hydrophobic biohydrocarbon of claim 66 , further comprising the addition of a hydrogen donor selected from the group consisting of citric acid, oxalic acid, and combinations thereof.