SENSING OPERATION USING MEASUREMENTS BASED ON A CIRCULAR DIRECTED GRAPH

1 . A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:

at least one memory; and

at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:

receive a sensing configuration for performing a sensing signal transmission and at least one sensing measurement;

perform at least one sensing measurement based on a first sensing signal;

transmit a second sensing signal in accordance with the sensing configuration, wherein the sensing configuration indicates a time difference between a reception of the first sensing signal and a time of transmission of the second sensing signal or a time reference, or a frequency difference between the reception of the first sensing signal and a transmission frequency of the second sensing signal or a frequency reference, or both; and

transmit a measurement report based at least in part on the at least one sensing measurement.

2 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to receive a reporting configuration that indicates a timing or condition for a transmission of the measurement report, wherein the measurement report indicates a measured time delay between an arrival time of the first sensing signal and the transmission of the second sensing signal or a frequency shift between a detected frequency of the first sensing signal and the transmission frequency of the second sensing signal, or both.

3 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein a set of transmission parameters for the transmission of the second sensing signal is based at least in part on the at least one sensing measurement.

4 . The UE of claim 3 , wherein to transmit the second sensing signal, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to adjust a transmission beam based at least in part on an estimated direction of arrival of the first sensing signal, and wherein the estimated direction of arrival is measured on a propagation path associated with a sensing target.

5 . The UE of claim 3 , wherein the time of transmission of the second sensing signal is based on the time difference and an arrival time of the first sensing signal via a propagation path associated with a sensing target.

6 . The UE of claim 3 , wherein the transmission frequency of the second sensing signal is based on the frequency difference and a detected frequency or detected doppler shift, or both, of the first sensing signal via a propagation path associated with a sensing target.

7 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the sensing configuration further indicates a set of measurement parameters associated with a propagation path, wherein the set of measurement parameters comprises one or more of: reference signal received path power (RSRPP), angle of arrival (AoA), zenith of arrival (ZoA), time of arrival (ToA), time of flight (ToF), doppler shift, a path-specific receive-to-transmit (Rx-to-Tx) time difference, a path-specific transmit-to-receive (Tx-to-Rx) time difference, a path-specific Rx-to-Tx frequency difference, a path specific Tx-to-Rx frequency difference, or a combination thereof.

8 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the sensing configuration comprises an identification of one or more reflective propagation paths associated with a sensing target object, and wherein the identification of the one or more reflective propagation paths is based at least in part on a description of the one or more reflective propagation paths.

9 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the sensing configuration comprises an identification of one or more propagation paths with line-of-sight (LoS) condition towards a sensing receive (Rx) radio node.

10 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to identify a respective propagation path based at least in part on:

an indicated propagation time/delay characteristic of the respective propagation path;

an indicated propagation path directional information of the respective propagation path;

an indicated movement/mobility pattern associated with the respective propagation path;

an indicated energy/power associated with the respective propagation path;

an indicated pattern describing a group of paths wherein the path is a member of the group of paths;

an indicated relative description of an identified path or a known path;

or a combination thereof.

11 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to receive the first sensing signal on a propagation path in a downlink direction or a first SL direction, and to transmit the second sensing signal on the propagation path in an uplink direction or a second SL direction.

12 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the sensing configuration indicates a directional circular graph comprising a plurality of graph vertices and a corresponding plurality of directional edges, wherein each of the plurality of graph vertices corresponds to a radio node for performing sensing signal transmission and sensing measurements, wherein each of the plurality of directional edges corresponds to a sensing measurement, wherein a starting vertex a respective directional edge corresponds to a transmitting radio node associated with a transmission of a respective sensing signal, and wherein a terminating vertex of the respective directional edge corresponds to a receiving radio node associated with a reception and measurement of the respective sensing signal.

13 . A processor for wireless communication, comprising:

at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:

receive a sensing configuration for performing a sensing signal transmission and at least one sensing measurement;

perform at least one sensing measurement based on a first sensing signal;

transmit a second sensing signal in accordance with the sensing configuration, wherein the sensing configuration indicates a time difference between a reception of the first sensing signal and a time of transmission of the second sensing signal or a time reference, or a frequency difference between the reception of the first sensing signal and a transmission frequency of the second sensing signal or a frequency reference, or both; and

transmit a measurement report based at least in part on the at least one sensing measurement.

14 . A base station for wireless communication, comprising:

at least one memory; and

at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to:

determine a set of radio nodes for performing sensing signal transmission and sensing measurements, the set of radio nodes forming a directional circular graph comprising a plurality of graph vertices and a corresponding plurality of directional edges, wherein each of the plurality of graph vertices corresponds to a radio node for performing sensing signal transmission and sensing measurements, wherein each of the plurality of directional edges corresponds to a sensing measurement, wherein a starting vertex a respective directional edge corresponds to a transmitting radio node associated with a transmission of a respective sensing signal, and wherein a terminating vertex of the respective directional edge corresponds to a receiving radio node associated with a reception and measurement of the respective sensing signal; and

transmit, to the set of radio nodes, a sensing configuration for performing the sensing signal transmission and the sensing measurements;

receive at least one measurement report corresponding to the sensing signal transmission and sensing measurements; and

determine sensing information based at least in part on combined measurement values associated with the plurality of directional edges.

15 . The base station of claim 14 , wherein the directional circular graph comprising N number of vertices and N number of edges, and wherein a directional edge n

originates from a vertex node n and terminates at a node n+1, for n∈{1 . . . N−1}

originates from a vertex node N and terminates at a node 1, for n=N.

16 . The base station of claim 14 , wherein the sensing configuration comprises an indication of one or more of:

a time when a respective radio node of the set of radio nodes is to transmit or to receive a sensing signal, or both; or

a set of time-frequency resources for transmitting the sensing signal, or for receiving the sensing signal, or both.

17 . The base station of claim 14 , wherein the combined measurement values comprise a sum of a respective propagation delay of a set of propagation paths along the plurality of directional edges.

18 . The base station of claim 14 , wherein the combined measurement values comprise a sum of a respective doppler frequency shift of a set of propagation paths along the plurality of directional edges.

19 . The base station of claim 14 , wherein the sensing configuration comprises a reception time of a first sensing signal on a propagation path or a time differential between the reception of the first sensing signal on the propagation path in a downlink direction or a first SL direction, and a transmission of a second sensing signal on the propagation path in an uplink direction or a second SL direction.

20 . The base station of claim 14 , wherein the sensing configuration comprises a reception frequency of a first sensing signal on a propagation path or a differential between the reception frequency of the first sensing signal on the propagation path in a downlink direction or a first SL direction, and a transmission frequency of a second sensing signal on the propagation path in an uplink direction or a second SL direction.