Novel Beta-Alanine Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof
Disclosed herein are novel beta-alanine compositions for increasing athletic performance, improving cognitive function, and attenuating the aging process. Compositions described herein can be administered to subjects, such as elderly subject, in functional or medical foods, along with other formulations to aid in healthy aging including reduced muscle wasting, improved mobility, improved cognitive performance, and the like. The compositions described herein comprise improved bioavailability and reduced paresthesia effects compared to free beta-alanine. Also described herein are methods of making the novel beta-alanine compositions disclosed herein.
1 . A composition comprising:
at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
an anti-inflammatory agent;
an amphiphilic agent; and
a stimulant.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
at least about 1 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
at most about 99 wt. % of the anti-inflammatory agent,
at most about 99 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent, and
at most about 99 wt. % of the stimulant.
3 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises:
between about 10 wt. % and about 99 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 50 wt. % of the anti-inflammatory agent;
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 50 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent; and
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 50 wt. % of the stimulant.
4 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition comprises:
between about 50 wt. % and about 80 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt % of the anti-inflammatory agent;
between about 0.1 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent; and
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the stimulant.
5 . The composition of claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises:
between about 70 wt. % and about 80 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
between about 0.1 wt. % and about 4 wt. % of the anti-inflammatory agent;
between about 1 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent; and
between about 0.1 wt. % and about 1 wt. % of the stimulant.
6 . The composition of claim 5 , wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is beta-caryophyllene.
7 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stimulant is caffeine.
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amphiphilic agent is a phospholipid.
9 . The composition of claim 8 , wherein the phospholipid is lecithin.
10 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is coated with a coating agent.
11 . The composition of claim 10 , wherein the coating agent is a modified food starch.
12 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated as a pharmaceutical composition or a dietary supplement.
13 . The composition of claim 5 , wherein the composition comprises:
between about 70 wt. % and about 73 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
between about 0.5 wt. % and about 1 wt. % of the anti-inflammatory agent;
between about 1 wt. % and about 5 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent; and
between about 0.1 wt. % and about 0.2 wt. % of the stimulant.
14 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated as a human dietary supplement.
15 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 10 g per serving.
16 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.03 g to about 6.4 g per serving.
17 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 3.2 g per serving.
18 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.05 g to about 2.24 g per serving.
19 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 1 g per serving.
20 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per serving.
21 . A method for increasing athletic performance and/or improving cognitive function without causing paresthesia in a subject, the method comprising:
administering an effective amount of a composition to the subject, wherein the composition comprises:
at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine; and
at least one agent selected from the group consisting of an anti-inflammatory agent and an amphiphilic agent.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine in the composition is provided in an amount ranging from 0.02 g to about 10 g per day.
23 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine in the composition is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.05 g to about 2.24 g per day.
24 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine in the composition is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 1 g per day.
25 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine in the composition is provided in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per day.
26 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the composition further comprises a stimulant.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the composition comprises:
at least about 1 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
at most about 99 wt. % of the anti-inflammatory agent;
at most about 99 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent; and
at most about 99 wt. % of the stimulant.
28 . The method of claim 27 , wherein the composition comprises:
between about 10 wt. % and about 99 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 50 wt. % of the anti-inflammatory agent;
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 50 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent; and
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 50 wt. % of the stimulant.
29 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the composition comprises:
between about 50 wt. % and about 80 wt. % of the at least one compound selected from the group consisting of beta-alanine, an ester of beta-alanine, and a salt of beta-alanine;
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the anti-inflammatory agent;
between about 0.1 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the amphiphilic agent; and
between about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the stimulant.
30 . A method of making a beta-alanine composition, the method comprising:
step (a) adding an amphiphilic agent to water to form a first solution;
step (b) homogenizing the first solution to form a first emulsion;
step (c) adding an anti-inflammatory agent to the first emulsion to form a second solution;
step (d) homogenizing the second solution to form a second emulsion;
step (e) adding beta-alanine, a salt of beta-alanine, and/or an ester of beta-alanine into the second emulsion to form a third solution; and
step (f) homogenizing the third solution to form a third emulsion.