Direct Energy Converter for Axisymmetric Mirror Fusion Reactor
A direct converter for an axisymmetric mirror confinement system provides a set of radially symmetric vanes charged to capture ions escaping along the axis of the confinement system and to convert their energy to electrical power. An electron trap positioned before the charged vanes uses a magnetic field to divert and collect electrons, separating them from the ions, and may support a radial electric field providing plasma control. The charged vanes may be constructed of or have a coating of a getter material absorbing neutrals derived from those ions after capture.
1 . A direct converter for a fusion apparatus comprising:
multiple arrays of radially spaced apart charged plates adapted to be positioned in the magnetic field of the fusion apparatus to receive a stream of ions, the charge plates separated along an axis the stream of ions with axially extending gaps, the arrays electrically biased to capture ions passing along the axis; and
an electron trap comprised of a set of spaced apart magnetic elements positioned between the charged plates and the confinement volume having a spacing and axial length adapted to magnetically deflect electrons into the elements.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spaced apart magnetic elements are ferromagnetic and adapted to be magnetized by axially extending magnetic flux lines passing out of the fusion apparatus along the axis.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnetic elements are vanes each having an extent along the axis at least 10 times their radial thickness.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein in the magnetic elements are electrically biased with respect to the charged plates to permit current flow between the charge plates and the magnetic elements.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnetic elements are further electrically biased with respect to each other by a controller altering the electrical bias to provide a radially directed electric field adapted for control of the plasma.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnetic elements have surfaces defined by nested conical frustums centered about the axis with cone apices directed toward the confinement volume.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 further including the fusion apparatus having:
a housing defining a containment volume holding the plasma;
Helmholtz magnets positioned about the containment volume to provide a magnetic mirror generating a confinement field providing magnetic flux lines extending along the axis, the flux lines converging at opposed first and second ends of the containment volume holding the plasma; and
a fuel beam delivery system communicating with the housing for injecting fusion fuel into the containment volume.