ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE CONTINUOUS REDUCTION OF METAL COMPOUND PARTICLES WITH SUBSEQUENT SELECTIVE SEPARATION
A continuous process for converting metal compound particles into a mixture of elemental metals. Metal compound particles and a reductant are introduced into an ultra-high temperature reaction zone having a temperature greater than 2,700°° C. and an oxygen content less than 3 vol. %. The metal compound particles have particle sizes of d90 500 μm. The metal compound particles have a residence time less than 1 minute in the ultra-high temperature reaction zone sufficient to mix with and react with the reductant to reduce the metal compound particles to form a mixture of elemental metals. The mixture of elemental metals is removed from the ultra-high temperature reaction zone. One or more elemental metals are separated or concentrated from the mixture of elemental metals within one or more separation zones based on differential size and density of the one or more elemental metals and the remaining mixture of elemental metals.
1 . A process for separating one or more elemental metals from a mixture of elemental metals produced via ultra-high temperature reduction of metal compound particles, wherein the mixture of elemental metals have a temperature greater than 1850° C., comprising disposing the mixture of elemental metals within a first gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator operating at a first gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator temperature to separate one or more elemental metals from a remaining mixture of elemental metals based on a differential size and/or density of the one or more elemental metals and the remaining mixture of elemental metals.
2 . The process according to claim 1 , comprising disposing the remaining mixture of elemental metals within a second gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator operating at a second gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator temperature to separate one or more further elemental metals from a further remaining mixture of elemental metals based on a differential size and/or density of the one or more further elemental metals and the further remaining mixture of elemental metals.
3 . The process according to claim 2 , comprising disposing the further remaining mixture of elemental metals within one or more subsequent gas-vapor/liquid-solid separators connected in series and operating at different gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator temperatures to separate one or more subsequent elemental metals from a subsequent remaining mixture of elemental metals based on a differential size and/or density of the one or more subsequent elemental metals and the subsequent remaining mixture of elemental metals.
4 . The process according to claim 2 , wherein a temperature reduction of the remaining mixture of elemental metals occurs between the first gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator and the second gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator.
5 . The process according to claim 2 , wherein the temperature reduction is accomplished with a heat exchanger.
6 . The process according to claim 2 , wherein the temperature reduction is accomplished by introducing a spray of liquid nitrogen.
7 . The process according to claim 2 , wherein the temperature reduction is accomplished by introducing a spray of water.
8 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first cyclone temperature equilibrates to the temperature of the incoming mixture of elemental metals.
9 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein a nozzle is disposed between the ultra-high temperature reaction zone and the first gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator operating at a first gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator temperature.
10 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator is a cyclone.
11 . The process according to claim 10 , wherein the one or more elemental metals have a solid particle size or a liquid droplet size greater than 10 microns.
12 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first gas-vapor/liquid-solid separator is an electrostatic precipitator.