MOTOR/GENERATOR AND MOTOR DRIVE CIRCUIT
Apparatus for use as a motor or generator, comprising: a first part; a second part movable relative to the first part and spaced from the first part by an air gap; and a plurality of spaced electromagnet elements (120) provided on the first part, each electromagnet element being operative to apply a magnetic field in the air gap in response to application of an electric current; wherein each electromagnet element comprises: a pole piece comprising: an outer section (124A, 124B) defining an elongate air-gap facing surface (125A) of area A 1 , perimeter P 1 , lateral width W 1 , and longitudinal length L 1 , wherein L 1 is greater than W 1 ; and a coil-winding section of cross-sectional area A 2 , cross-sectional perimeter P 2 , lateral width W 2 , and longitudinal length L 2 ; and an electrically conductive coil (128) wound around the coil-winding section of the pole piece; characterised in that P 2 is less than P 1 and in that W 2 is substantially equal to L 2 .
1 . A motor drive circuit comprising:
first and second DC series-connected power sources;
a positive supply rail connected to a positive side of the first power source, a negative supply rail connected to a negative side of the second power source, and a common rail connected between the first and second power sources;
a plurality of phase circuits, each phase circuit comprising:
a first switch and a second switch connected in series between the positive supply rail and the negative supply rail; and
a phase element of a motor connected to an intermediate point between the switches and to the common rail; and
control circuitry configured operate in cycles to apply signals that cause the first and second switches to open or close, wherein:
in a fully-functional mode, during each cycle the first switch is closed and subsequently opened and the second switch is then closed and subsequently opened; and
in a partially-functional mode, during each cycle one of the first switch or the second switch is then closed and subsequently opened and the other of the first switch or the second switch remains open.
2 . A motor drive circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the phase element is a phase coil of a magnetic motor.
3 . A motor drive circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of phase circuits comprises two or more phase circuits.
4 . A motor drive circuit according to claim 3 , wherein the plurality of phase circuits comprises three or more phase circuits.
5 . A motor system comprising:
a motor; and
a motor drive circuit in accordance with claim 1 .
6 . A motor system according to claim 5 , wherein the motor is an electrical vehicle motor, an electric aircraft motor or an electric watercraft motor.
7 . A method of operating a drive circuit to apply drive current to a motor by applying, in cycles, a drive current to a phase element of the motor, wherein:
in a fully-functional mode, in each cycle, a phase circuit of the drive circuit: closes a first switch to connect the phase element to a first power supply to cause a current to flow in the phase element in a first direction; opens the first switch; then closes a second switch to connect the phase element to a second power supply to cause a current to flow in the phase element in a second direction; and
in a partially-functional mode, in each cycle, a phase circuit of the drive circuit: closes a first switch to connect the phase element to a first power supply to cause a current to flow in the phase element in a first direction; and opens the first switch; and maintains the second switch open until completion of the cycle, whereby no current is provided to the phase element in the second direction.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the drive circuit includes a plurality of phase circuits, each operating in a respective cycle displaced in time with respect to the cycles of the other phase circuits.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein each of the phase circuits operate in the fully-functional mode or the partially-functional mode independently of the other phase circuits.
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the phase element is a phase coil of a magnetic motor.
11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the motor is an electrical vehicle motor, an electric aircraft motor or an electric watercraft motor.