Reverse flow gas turbine engine having electric machine
View Patent ↗An aircraft engine assembly includes a gas turbine engine having an intake channel configured to receive an incoming flow of air and form an intake flow of air, the intake channel configured to turn the received incoming flow of air from an incoming flow direction to a first axial direction of the gas turbine engine, the incoming flow direction reverse of the first axial direction, and an electric machine coupled with the low pressure shaft and located at the aft end of the gas turbine engine proximate the intake channel, the electric machine in heat exchange communication with the intake flow of air such that the electric machine transfers heat to the incoming flow of air within the intake channel when the electric machine is operated.
1. An aircraft engine assembly comprising:
a gas turbine engine having a high pressure compressor, a high pressure turbine, a high pressure shaft coupling the high pressure compressor with the high pressure turbine, a low pressure turbine, and a low pressure shaft coupled to the low pressure turbine, the high pressure turbine located forward of the high pressure compressor, and the low pressure turbine located on a forward end of the gas turbine engine;
a propeller located on a forward end of the gas turbine engine and coupled via the low pressure shaft with the low pressure turbine;
an intake channel of the gas turbine engine configured to receive an incoming flow of air and form an intake flow of air, the intake channel configured to turn the received incoming flow of air from an incoming flow direction to a first axial direction of the gas turbine engine, the incoming flow direction reverse of the first axial direction;
an electric machine coupled with the low pressure shaft and located on a side of the high pressure compressor opposite of the high pressure turbine and proximate the intake channel, the electric machine in heat exchange communication with the intake flow of air such that the electric machine transfers heat to the incoming flow of air within the intake channel when the electric machine is operated; and
a fairing including:
an outer band and an inner band, the outer band and the inner band connected using a double-walled vane, the vane including openings to pass cooling air flow from the outer band to an airfoil of the fairing; and
an end segment seal, the seal formed on an edge of the fairing using an auxetic material.
2. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , which further includes a tail cone, and wherein the electric machine is located within the tail cone.
3. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the low pressure shaft is oriented to extend through the intake channel such that an axial portion of the low pressure shaft is surrounded by the incoming flow of air in the intake channel.
4. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electric machine is positioned to receive an impingement of the intake flow of air.
5. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein an offtake flow of air is extracted from the intake flow of air, the offtake flow of air forming a cooling flow of air routed to the electric machine.
6. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the low pressure turbine includes variable stator vanes, wherein the gas turbine engine includes an engine controller, and wherein the variable stator vanes of the low pressure turbine are controlled by the engine controller to change position when the electric machine changes from a first power level to a second power level.
7. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , which further includes a propeller located on a forward end of the gas turbine engine and coupled via the low pressure shaft with the low pressure turbine, and which further includes a gearbox coupled between the low pressure shaft and the propeller.
8. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , which further includes a propeller located on a forward end of the gas turbine engine and coupled via the low pressure shaft with the low pressure turbine, and wherein the propeller is a variable pitch propeller, and wherein the electric machine is coaxial with the low pressure shaft.
9. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the fairing is a single-piece fairing.
10. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the fairing includes a lattice structure, the lattice structure to reduce fairing weight.
11. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the fairing forms at least one of a turbine center frame, a turbine vane frame, a turbine rear frame, or a turbine mid frame.
12. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the fairing is positioned between a high pressure spool and a low pressure spool, the fairing to pass flow path air from a high pressure turbine to a low pressure turbine.
13. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the seal is formed to permit contraction in a lateral direction as a result of a compressive force acting on the seal.
14. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the seal is formed to reduce a thermal gradient at an edge of the fairing.
15. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the seal is formed using a hairpin-like structure, the hairpin-like structure to be symmetrical on both sides of the seal.
16. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the seal is to be stretched due to thermally-induced material expansion to cause the seal to thicken.
17. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the fairing is cooled using at least one of a film cooling, a bore cooling, or an impingement cooling.
18. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 17 , wherein the impingement cooling includes impingement baffle-based cooling originating from baffles of a strut pierced with impingement cooling holes.
19. The aircraft engine assembly of claim 1 , wherein the double-walled vane is formed using additive manufacturing.
20. An aircraft powerplant comprising:
a gas turbine engine having a high pressure compressor and a high pressure turbine, the gas turbine engine further having a high pressure shaft coupling the high pressure compressor with the high pressure turbine, the gas turbine engine also having a first axial flow direction from the high pressure compressor to the high pressure turbine;
a propeller coupled to a low pressure turbine of the gas turbine engine using a low pressure shaft, the low pressure shaft located coaxial with the high pressure shaft, the propeller configured to receive a free stream flow of air oriented in a freestream direction and impart work upon the free stream flow of air, the propeller located on an upstream side of the freestream direction from the high pressure turbine;
an intake channel defining an intake flow of air in fluid communication with the gas turbine engine, the intake channel configured to reverse the intake flow of air initially flowing in the freestream direction to the first axial flow direction of the gas turbine engine;
an electric machine coupled to the low pressure shaft and located on an opposite side of the gas turbine engine from the propeller, the electric machine positioned to be cooled by a portion of the intake flow of air defined by the intake channel; and
a fairing including:
an outer band and an inner band, the outer band and the inner band connected using a double-walled vane, the vane including openings to pass cooling air flow from the outer band to an airfoil of the fairing; and
an end segment seal, the seal formed on an edge of the fairing using an auxetic material.