ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES
Provided is an OLED structure includes an organic layer having a primary phosphorescent emitter and a first host; where one of the following conditions is true: (1) the organic layer further includes a secondary emitter; or (2) the OLED further includes a second organic layer where the second organic layer includes a secondary emitter. The primary phosphorescent emitter has a peak emission wavelength λmax that is ≥600 nm and ≤750 nm; the secondary emitter has a peak emission wavelength λmax that is ≥750 nm; the primary phosphorescent emitter is capable of transferring energy to the secondary emitter; the first host has a lowest excited state triplet energy T1 that is at least 0.1 eV higher than that of the primary phosphorescent emitter; the primary phosphorescent emitter has the formula Pt(L 1 ) m ; L 1 can represent one or more ligands that are the same or different; each L 1 is independently monodentate or multidentate; and m represents a maximum possible number of ligands L 1 that can coordinate to Pt.
1 . An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
a first organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode;
wherein the first organic layer comprises a first metal complex M 1 L 1 m and a first host;
wherein one of the following conditions is true:
(1) the first organic layer further comprises a second metal complex M 2 L 2 n ; or
(2) the OLED device further comprises a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the second organic layer comprises a second metal complex M 2 L 2 n ;
wherein M 1 is selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au;
wherein M 2 is selected from the group consisting of the lanthanide metals;
wherein L 1 and L 2 are each independently monodentate or multidentate ligands and can represent multiple ligands that are the same or different;
wherein m represents the maximum possible number of ligands L 1 that can coordinate to M 1 ;
wherein n represents the maximum possible number of ligands L 2 that can coordinate to M 2 ;
wherein the first host has a lowest triplet energy T1 that is the same or higher than the lowest triplet energy T1 of the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m ; and
wherein the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m has a lowest triplet energy T1 that is the same or higher than the energy of the emissive f-f transition E f-f of the second metal complex M 2 L 2 n .
2 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein the condition (1) is true, and the first organic layer is the only layer containing M 2 L 2 n .
3 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein the condition (2) is true, and the second organic layer is the only layer containing M 2 L 2 n .
4 . The OLED of claim 3 , wherein the second organic layer further comprises a host.
5 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein M 1 is selected from the group consisting of Pt and Ir.
6 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is selected from the group consisting of Eu, Nd, Yb, and Er.
7 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the ligands L 2 has a lowest triplet energy T1 that is the same or lower than the lowest triplet energy T1 of the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m .
8 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the ligands L 2 has a lowest triplet energy T1 that is the same or higher than the lowest triplet energy T1 of the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m .
9 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is Eu.
10 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is Yb.
11 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is Nd.
12 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is Er.
13 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m has a formula of M(L A ) x (L B ) y (L C ) z wherein L A , L B and L C are each a bidentate ligand; and
wherein x is 1, 2, or 3; y is 0, 1, or 2; z is 0, 1, or 2; and x+y+z is the oxidation state of the metal M.
14 . The OLED of claim 13 , wherein the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m has a formula selected from the group consisting of Ir(L A ) 3 , Ir(L A XL B ) 2 , Ir(L A ) 2 (L B ), Ir(L A ) 2 (L C ), and Ir(L A )(L B )(L C ); and
wherein L A , L B , and L C are different from each other.
15 . The OLED of claim 13 , wherein the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m has a formula of Pt(L A )(L B ); and wherein L A and L B can be same or different, wherein L A and L B are optionally connected to form a tetradentate ligand.
16 . The OLED of claim 14 , wherein L A , L B , and L C are each independently selected from the gr up consisting of:
wherein each X 1 to X 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of BR′, NR′, PR′, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″;
wherein R′ and R″ are optionally fused or joined to form a ring;
wherein each R a , R b , R c , and R d can represent from mono substitution to the possible maximum number of substitution, or no substitution;
wherein R′, R″, R a , R b , R c , and R d are each independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, benzonitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein any two adjacent substitutents of R a , R b , R c , and R d are optionally fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand.
17 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein the second metal complex M 2 L 2 n is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein rings A, B, and C are each independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
wherein R A , R B , R C , R D , R E , and R F can represent mono to the maximum possible substitution, or no substitution;
wherein R A , R B , R C , R D , R E , and R F are each independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, benzonitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein L 3 and L 4 are each independently selected from direct bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO2, CRR′, SiRR′, GeRR′, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and combinations thereof.
18 . The OLED of claim 17 , wherein the second metal complex M 2 L 2 n is selected from the group consisting of:
Compounds 1 through 4 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 1, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 2, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 3, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 4, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 5 through 8 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 5, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 6, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 7, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 8, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 9 through 12 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 9, M2 = Nd,
in Compound 10, M2 = Eu,
in Compound 11, M2 = Yb, and
in Compound 12, M2 = Er,
Compounds 13 through 16 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 13, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 14, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 15, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 16, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 17 through 20 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 17, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 18, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 19, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 20, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 21 through 24 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 21, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 22, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 23, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 24, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 25 through 28 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 25, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 26, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 27, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 28, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 29 through 32 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 29, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 30, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 31, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 32, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 33 through 36 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 33, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 34, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 35, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 36, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 37 through 40 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 37, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 38, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 39, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 40, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 41 through 44 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 41, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 42, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 43, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 44, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 45 through 48 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 45, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 46, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 47, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 48, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 49 through 52 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 49, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 50, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 51, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 52, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 53 through 54 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 53, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 54, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 55, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 56, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 57 through 60 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 57, M2 = Nd,
in Compound 58, M2 = Eu,
in Compound 59, M2 = Yb, and
in Compound 60, M2 = Er,
Compounds 61 through 64 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 61, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 62, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 63, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 64, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 65 through 68 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 65, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 66, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 67, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 68, M 2 = Er,
Compounds 69 through 72 having the following structure
wherein in Compound 69, M 2 = Nd,
in Compound 70, M 2 = Eu,
in Compound 71, M 2 = Yb, and
in Compound 72, M 2 = Er.
19 . The OLED of claim 1 , wherein the first host comprises at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, dibenzothiphene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, azatriphenylene, azacarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, and aza-dibenzoselenophene.
20 . A consumer product comprising an OLED comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
a first organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode;
wherein the first organic layer comprises a first metal complex M 1 L 1 m and a first host;
wherein one of the following conditions is true:
(1) the first organic layer further comprises a second metal complex M 2 L 2 n ; or
(2) the OLED device further comprises a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the second organic layer comprises a second metal complex M 2 L 2 n ;
wherein M 1 is selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au;
wherein M 2 is selected from the group consisting of the lanthanide metals;
wherein L 1 and L 2 are each independently monodentate or multidentate ligands and can represent multiple ligands that are the same or different;
wherein m represents the maximum possible number of ligands L 1 that can coordinate to M 1 ;
wherein n represents the maximum possible number of ligands L 2 that can coordinate to M 2 ;
wherein the first host has a lowest triplet energy T1 that is the same or higher than the lowest triplet energy T1 of the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m ; and
wherein the first metal complex M 1 L 1 m has a lowest triplet energy T1 that is the same or higher than the energy of the emissive f-f transition E f-f of the second metal complex M 2 L 2 n .