SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR DETEREMINING A FETAL OXIMETRY VALUE USING AN IN VIVO FETAL OXIMETRY MODEL AND/OR AN AUGMENTED IN VIVO FETAL OXIMETRY MODEL

1 . A method comprising:

receiving, by a processor, a physiological indicator for a pregnant mammal or the pregnant mammal's fetus;

receiving, by the processor, light transmission data, the light transmission data corresponding to an optical signal that is detected by a photodetector and converted into the light transmission data, the optical signal being a composite of light that passes through the pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus disposed within the pregnant mammal's abdomen;

inputting, by the processor, the light transmission data into an augmented fetal in vivo fetal oximetry model, the augmented fetal in vivo fetal oximetry model incorporating the physiological indicator; and

receiving, by the processor, an output from the augmented fetal in vivo fetal oximetry model, the output including an indication of an oximetry value for the fetus.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the physiological indicator for the pregnant mammal is at least one of a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level, a tissue oxygen saturation level, a skin tone, a heartrate, a blood pressure, photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals or values, pulse, respiratory rate, uterine contraction information, duration of labor and delivery of a fetus, gestational age of the fetus, chronological age of the pregnant mammal, a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level, and a tissue oxygenation level.

3 . The method of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the oximetry value is at least one of a level of fetal hemoglobin oxygen saturation and a level of fetal tissue oxygen saturation.

4 . The method of any of claims 1-3 , further comprising:

determining, by the processor, a calibration formula for the pregnant mammal responsively to the physiological indicator, wherein the calibration formula is incorporated into the augmented fetal in vivo fetal oximetry model.

5 . The method of any of claims 1-4 , further comprising:

determining, by the processor, an indication of fetal distress using the oximetry value for the fetus; and

providing, by the processor, the indication of fetal distress to a display device.

6 . The method of any of claims 1-5 , further comprising:

comparing, by the processor, the oximetry value for the fetus to a threshold fetal oximetry value; and

providing, by the processor, an indication of the comparison to a display device.

7 . The method of any of claims 1-6 , further comprising:

querying, by the processor, a database of calibration equations for a calibration equation correlated to the physiological indicator;

receiving, by the processor, a calibration equation from the database responsively to the query, wherein the augmented fetal in vivo fetal oximetry model is personalized to the pregnant mammal or fetus using the received physiological indicator model.

8 . The method of any of claims 1-7 , further comprising:

querying, by the processor, a database of physiological indicator model for a physiological indicator model correlated to the physiological indicator;

receiving, by the processor, a physiological indicator model from the database responsively to the query, wherein the augmented fetal in vivo fetal oximetry model is personalized to the pregnant mammal or fetus using the received physiological indicator model.

9 . The method of any of claims 1-8 , further comprising:

receiving, by the processor, a plurality of physiological indicators over time; and

evaluating, by the processor, the plurality of physiological indicators, wherein the augmented fetal in vivo fetal oximetry model is personalized to the pregnant mammal using an evaluation of the received plurality of physiological indicators.

10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein each of the plurality of physiological indicators are a measurement of a physiological indicator for the pregnant mammal or fetus over time and the evaluation of the plurality of physiological indicators is a trend analysis.

11 . A method comprising:

determining information regarding a blood oxygen value of a fetus, the determining comprising:

obtaining at least one signal indicating light detected from a pregnant mammal's abdomen and/or a fetus disposed in the pregnant mammal's abdomen following application of light to the pregnant mammal's abdomen; and

analyzing the at least one signal using a trained model personalized to the pregnant mammal to determine blood oxygen information used to determine the information regarding a blood oxygen value of the fetus, the trained model being personalized to the pregnant mammal using a physiological indicator for the pregnant mammal.

12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the trained model is further personalized to the pregnant mammal using at least one of an optical and a geometric characteristic of the pregnant mammal's abdomen.

13 . The method of claim 11 or 12 , wherein the trained model is further personalized to the pregnant mammal using at least one of an optical and a geometric characteristic of the fetus.

14 . The method of any of claims 11-13 , wherein the trained model is further personalized to the pregnant mammal using a characteristic of the at least one signal.

15 . The method of any of claims 11-14 , wherein the trained model is further personalized to the pregnant mammal using at least one of a light scattering coefficient and a light absorption coefficient specific to the pregnant mammal.

16 . The method of any of claims 11-15 , wherein the trained model is personalized to the pregnant mammal using a skin color of the pregnant mammal's abdomen.

17 . The method of any of claims 11-16 , wherein the trained model is personalized to the pregnant mammal using an analysis of an image of the pregnant mammal's abdomen.

18 . The method of any of claims 11-17 , wherein the physiological indicator for the pregnant mammal is at least one of a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level, a tissue oxygen saturation level, a skin tone, a heartrate, a blood pressure, photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals or values, pulse, respiratory rate, uterine contraction information, duration of labor and delivery of a fetus, gestational age of the fetus, chronological age of the pregnant mammal, a hemoglobin oxygen saturation level, and a tissue oxygenation level.

19 . The method of any of claims 11-18 , wherein the trained model is personalized to the pregnant mammal using a calibration formula that is responsive to one or more characteristics of the pregnant mammal.

20 . The method of any of claims 11-19 , wherein the information regarding the blood oxygen value of the fetus is a level of fetal hemoglobin oxygen saturation.

21 . The method of any of claims 11-20 , wherein the information regarding the blood oxygen value of the fetus is a level of fetal tissue oxygen saturation.

22 . The method of any of claims 11-21 , further comprising:

determining whether the fetus has fetal hypoxia or fetal hypoxemia using the blood oxygen value; and

providing an indication of a determination that the fetus has fetal hypoxia or fetal hypoxemia to a display device.

23 . A method comprising:

determining information regarding a blood oxygen value of a patient, the determining comprising:

obtaining a physiological indicator for the patient and at least one signal indicating light detected from the patient following application of light to the patient; and

analyzing the at least one signal using at least one trained model and the physiological indicator of the patient to determine blood oxygen information for the patient.

24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein the trained model is personalized to the patient using the physiological indicator.

25 . The method of claim 23 or 24 , wherein the physiological indicator is a measurement or a characteristic of the patient.

26 . The method of any of claims 23-25 , wherein the trained model is personalized to the patient using at least one of a skin tone of the patient and skin melanin content for the patient.

27 . The method of any of claims 23-26 , wherein the trained model is personalized to the patient using a characteristic of the at least one signal.

28 . The method of any of claims 23-27 , wherein the trained model is personalized to the patient using at least one of a light scattering coefficient and a light absorption coefficient specific to the patient.

29 . The method of any of claims 23-28 , wherein the information regarding the blood oxygen value of the patient is a level of hemoglobin oxygen saturation for the patient.

30 . The method of any of claims 23-29 , wherein the information regarding the blood oxygen value of the patient is a level of tissue oxygen saturation for the patient.

31 . The method of any of claims 23-30 , further comprising:

determining whether the patient has hypoxia or hypoxemia using the blood oxygen value; and

providing an indication of a determination that the patient has hypoxia or hypoxemia to a display device.

32 . A computer-implemented method comprising:

receiving physiological indicator regarding a pregnant mammal or a fetus disposed within the pregnant mammal's abdomen; and

generating a physiological indicator model for the pregnant mammal or fetus responsively to the received physiological indicator.

33 . The computer-implemented method of claim 32 , further comprising:

receiving light transmission data, the light transmission data corresponding to an optical signal that is incident on the pregnant mammal's abdomen and the fetus disposed within the pregnant mammal's abdomen and is detected by a photodetector and converted into the light transmission data; and

determining an oximetry value for the fetus by applying the physiological indicator model to the light transmission data.

34 . The computer-implemented method of claim 32 or 33 , wherein the light transmission data is received from at least one of a frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy system, a continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy system, and a time of flight near infrared spectroscopy system.

35 . The computer-implemented method of any of claims 32-34 wherein the optical signal is a first optical signal, the photodetector is a first photodetector of a first spectroscopy system and the light transmission data is a first set of light transmission data, the method further comprising:

receiving a second set of light transmission data, the second set of light transmission data corresponding a second optical signal that is incident on the pregnant mammal's abdomen and a fetus disposed within the pregnant mammal's abdomen and is detected by a photodetector of a second spectroscopy system and converted into the second set of light transmission data; and

determining an oximetry value for the fetus by applying the calibration equation to the second set of light transmission data.

36 . The computer-implemented method of claim 35 , wherein the second spectroscopy system is a continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy system.

37 . The computer-implemented method of claim 34, 35, or 36 , wherein the physiological indicator for the pregnant mammal includes an oxygen saturation level for the pregnant mammal.

38 . The computer-implemented method of claim 37 , wherein the maternal oxygen saturation level is received from a pulse oximeter.

39 . A system comprising:

a processor in communication with a memory; and

the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 1-10 .

40 . A system comprising:

a processor in communication with a memory; and

the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 11-22 .

41 . A system comprising:

a processor in communication with a memory; and

the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 23-31 .

42 . A system comprising:

a processor in communication with a memory; and

the memory, the memory being configured to store a set of instructions thereon, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to execute any of the methods of claims 32 - 38 .