Mapping and ablation applicators
Devices and methods for mapping tissue, such as cardiac tissue, and applying electrical energy to ablate the tissue may include an applicator region comprising two or more wire electrodes that extend between the arms of the device as well as a plurality of mapping and/or sensing electrodes (e.g., ring electrodes) on the arms and/or the elongate body. These devices may sense electrical activity using the mapping electrodes and may deliver energy between the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode to ablate, for example, cardiac tissue.
1. An ablation and mapping device for applying electrical energy, the device comprising:
an elongate body; and
an applicator region extending from a distal end region of the elongate body, the applicator region comprising:
a first wire electrode extending between a first arm and a second arm;
a second wire electrode extending between the first arm and the second arm, wherein the second wire electrode is substantially parallel to the first wire electrode;
a plurality of mapping electrodes on the first and second arms and on the elongate body;
wherein the applicator region is configured to deliver energy between the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first wire electrode comprises a first loop and the second wire electrode comprises a second loop.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the second loop is positioned concentrically within the first loop.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first wire electrode is separated by a minimum distance, d, from the second wire electrode along a length of the first wire electrode.
5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an outer support positioned radially outward from a circumference of the first and second wire electrodes, wherein some of the plurality of mapping electrodes are positioned along the outer support.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first arm and the second arm each comprise an extension region and some of the plurality of mapping electrodes are positioned on the respective extension regions of the first arm and the second arm.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the mapping electrodes are configured to receive a signal to generate a geometrical and/or activation map of a heart.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the distal end region of the elongate body comprises a distal neck region, from which the applicator region extends distally, and a proximal neck region, further wherein the distal neck region is stiffer than the proximal neck region.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the proximal neck region is configured to be controllably bent in one or more planes.
10. The device of claim 8 , further comprising an electromagnetic (EM) sensor within the distal neck region.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode extend from the elongate body in a plane.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the first wire electrode, the second wire electrode, or any of the plurality of mapping electrodes comprise radiopaque material.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first wire electrode is between 2-8 mm long and the second wire electrode is between 2-8 mm long.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode each comprises a coil wrapping.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the applicator region comprises a paddle-shaped applicator.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first arm comprises a first electrically insulated hollow tube and the second arm comprises a second electrically insulated hollow tube.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode are each insulated along one non-tissue contacting side of a length of the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode extending from the first arm to the second arm.
18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of mapping electrodes on the first and second arms include mapping electrodes on an extension region of each of the first arm and the second arm that is radially outward from the first and second wire electrodes.
19. An ablation and mapping device for applying electrical energy, the device comprising:
an elongate body; and
an applicator region extending from a distal end region of the elongate body, the applicator region comprising:
a first wire electrode extending between a first arm and a second arm;
a second wire electrode extending between the first arm and the second arm, wherein the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode are attached to the first and second arms and/or the distal end region of the elongate body so that the first wire electrode remains substantially parallel to the second wire electrode as the applicator region is applied against a target tissue;
an insulating cover or a coating extending along one non-tissue contacting side of a length of the first and second wire electrodes that extends between the first arm to the second arm;
a plurality of mapping electrodes on the first and second arms and on the elongate body;
wherein the applicator region is configured to deliver energy between the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode.
20. An ablation and mapping device for applying electrical energy, the device comprising:
an elongate body; and
an applicator region extending from a distal end region of the elongate body, the applicator region comprising:
a first wire electrode extending between a first arm and a second arm;
a second wire electrode extending between the first arm and the second arm, wherein the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode are attached to the first and second arms and/or the distal end region of the elongate body so that the first wire electrode is separated from the second wire electrode by a minimum distance, d, as the applicator region is applied against a target tissue;
a plurality of mapping ring electrodes on the first and second arms and on the elongate body, wherein the plurality of mapping ring electrodes includes mapping ring electrodes on each of the first arm and the second arm radially outward form the first and second wire electrodes and/or on an outer support extending radially outward from a circumference of the first and second wire electrodes;
wherein the applicator region is configured to deliver energy between the first wire electrode and the second wire electrode.