ELECTRODYNAMIC PARAMETERS
Aspects of the present disclosure involve methods, which may be to manage control of a battery such as through charging, comprising obtaining a value indicative of at least one of a dynamic state of equilibrium, periodic behavior, quasi-periodic behavior, chaotic behavior and random behavior of a battery, which may involve electrodynamic parameters of Lyapunov Exponent, Correlation Dimension, Sample Entropy and Hurst Exponent, among others, the value obtained from a voltage measurement or a current measurement from the battery, and based on the value, operating the battery to maintain the battery within one of the dynamic states.
1 . A method of charging a battery comprising:
applying a first charging current to the battery;
applying a probing pulse to the battery, wherein the probing pulse comprises a rest period at a current less than the first charging current;
determining a battery parameter based on data from the probing pulse, the battery parameter correlated with battery cell degradation; and
altering the first charging current to a second charging current different from the first charging current based on the battery parameter.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the probing pulse comprises a unipolar pulse.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the rest period comprises a current magnitude of 0 Amps.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the rest period is less than 30 seconds.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an open circuit voltage is approximated during the rest period.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the battery parameter is based on the approximated open circuit voltage.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the probing pulse further comprises an active period prior to the rest period, and wherein during the active period, a charging current is applied the battery.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein determining the battery parameter during the probing pulse comprises evaluating a discrete section of the probing pulse.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the discrete section of the probing pulse comprises a voltage transition between the active period and the rest period.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein determining the battery parameter comprises analysis of time domain data associated with the voltage transition.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the battery parameter comprises an electrodynamic parameter.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the first charging current to the battery comprises applying a first direct current (DC) charging current.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the first charging current comprises applying a first waveform-based charging current.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the probing pulse is applied based on one selected from a group consisting of State of Charge (SOC) intervals, a cell voltage reaching a voltage threshold, a cell temperature reaching a temperature threshold, and a time interval.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the battery cell degradation comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of electrode plating, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer growth, and cell failure.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second charging current is less than the first charging current.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein altering the first charging current to the second charging current is further based battery temperature.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein altering the first charging current to the second charging current is further based on a maximum charging current limit.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the first charging current is performed using proportional integral derivate (PID) control.
20 . A method of discharging a battery comprising:
discharging the battery at a first discharge rate;
applying a probing pulse to the battery, wherein the probing pulse comprises a rest period;
determining a battery parameter during the probing pulse, the battery parameter correlated with battery cell degradation; and
altering the first discharge rate to a second discharge rate different from the first discharge rate based on the battery parameter.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the probing pulse comprises a unipolar pulse.
22 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the rest period comprises a current value of 0 Amps.
23 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the probing pulse further comprises an active period prior to the rest period, and wherein during the active period, a discharge current is applied the battery.
24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein determining the battery parameter during the probing pulse comprises evaluating a discrete section of the probing pulse.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the discrete section of the probing pulse comprises a voltage transition between the active period and the rest period.