APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING NANOPARTICLES FROM MATERIAL IN WORKING LIQUID
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for producing nanoparticles of a material in a working liquid. The apparatus can include a core for accelerating the working liquid and the material, wherein the core includes: a first cylinder including: a radially outer surface and a radially inner surface; and a plurality of first through holes extending from the radially inner surface to the radially outer surface of the first cylinder; a second cylinder including: a radially outer surface and a radially inner surface; and a plurality of second through holes extending from the radially inner surface to the radially outer surface of the second cylinder; wherein the second cylinder radially surrounds the first cylinder; wherein each of the first through holes and the second through holes have a smaller cross-section at the radially inner surface than at the radially outer surface.
1 . A method of producing nanoparticles of a material in a working liquid, comprising:
introducing the material and the working liquid into the core of an apparatus comprising:
a core for accelerating the working liquid and the material, wherein the core comprises:
a first cylinder comprising:
a radially outer surface and a radially inner surface; and
a plurality of first through holes extending from the radially inner surface to the radially outer surface of the first cylinder;
a second cylinder comprising:
a radially outer surface and a radially inner surface; and
a plurality of second through holes extending from the radially inner surface to the radially outer surface of the second cylinder;
wherein the second cylinder radially surrounds the first cylinder;
rotating the first cylinder, the second cylinder, or a combination thereof;
accelerating the working liquid to cause a cavitation effect; and
changing a flow direction of the working liquid to cause a water hammer effect;
thereby producing nanoparticles of the material.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cylinder and the second cylinder are rotated in opposite directions.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cylinder and the second cylinder are rotated at different speeds of rotation.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises an oxidizable metallic material.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, or combinations thereof.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the working liquid comprises water, methanol, ethanol, diesel, biodiesel, gasoline, or any combination thereof.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating hydrogen, syngas, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, or combinations thereof.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating syngas, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, or combinations thereof.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising setting an atmosphere inside the core.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a level of oxygen inside the core.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing a fluid into the core.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the fluid comprises nitrogen, argon, or a combination thereof.
13 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more additives to the working liquid and the material.