Rotating diffuser for improved image quality
A diffuser arranged to rotate around a rotation centre thereof is provided. Each point on the diffuser forms a diffusion profile that is a function of radial distance from the rotation centre but rotationally invariant.
1 . A method of head-up display comprising:
displaying a hologram of a first image on a spatial light modulator;
illuminating the displayed hologram to form spatially modulated light encoded with the hologram;
propagating the spatially modulated light to a scattering diffuser disposed at an image reconstruction plane of the hologram such that an image reconstruction of the first image is formed on the scattering diffuser;
diffusely scattering, with the scattering diffuser, each pixel of the image reconstruction, wherein different pixels of the image reconstruction are scattered differently by the scattering diffuser to create a plurality of different local scattering profiles, each local scattering profile characterised by a shape and orientation;
forming an output of the scattering diffuser by combining the plurality of different local scattering profiles to create a global scattering profile;
rotating the scattering diffuser at a rotation speed such that a signal-to-noise ratio and/or speckle contrast of the image reconstruction of the first image is reduced owing to the image reconstruction forming on different parts of the scattering diffuser within the integration time of the human eye, each different part of the scattering diffuser forming a different speckle pattern across the image reconstruction;
coordinating the scattering diffuser and rotation such that the shape and orientation of the respective local scattering profile associated with each pixel of the image reconstruction is substantially constant with rotation of the scattering diffuser; and
coupling the output of the scattering diffuser into the input port of a waveguide pupil expander, wherein a shape and orientation of the input port of the waveguide pupil expander matches the shape and orientation of the global scattering profile.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the local scattering profile with respect to the horizontal is substantially the same for all pixels of the image reconstruction on the same straight line from the center of rotation of the scattering diffuser.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein each straight line from the center of rotation of the scattering diffuser is characterised by an angle from the horizontal and the orientation of the local scattering profile with respect to the horizontal increases as the angle of the straight line increases.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the shape of each local scattering profile caused by the scattering diffuser is rectangular.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein a long dimension of the rectangular local scattering profile is perpendicular to the horizontal for pixels of the image reconstruction on the horizontal straight line from the centre of rotation.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the size of the local scattering profile changes with radial distance from the centre of rotation of the scattering diffuser.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the size of the local scattering profile decreases with radial distance from the centre of rotation of the scattering diffuser.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein a shape of the local scattering profile changes with radial distance from the center of rotation of the scattering profile.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each side of the global scattering profile formed by combining the plurality of different local scattering profiles has a lobe that tapers outwards in both directions from the centre point of the corresponding side global scattering profile.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the lobes are such that the global scattering profile has a rotational symmetry of order 2 .
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the lobes form two lines of symmetry in the global scattering profile.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the two lines of symmetry of the global scattering profile are perpendicular to each other.
13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein each lobe has an edge arranged at an angle relative to the corresponding side of the global scattering profile, the angle being in the range of 0° to 45°.
14 . The method of claim 9 , wherein each lobe has an edge arranged at an angle relative to the corresponding side of the global scattering profile, the angle being in the range of 3° to 20°.
15 . The method of claim 9 , wherein each side of the global scattering profile has a pair of lobes that are symmetrical about a central point along said side.
16 . A head-up display comprising:
a spatial light modulator arranged to display a hologram of a first image;
a light source arranged to illuminate the hologram displayed on the spatial light modulator to form spatially modulated light encoded with the hologram;
a scattering diffuser disposed at an image reconstruction plane of the hologram such that an image reconstruction of the first image is formed on the scattering diffuser, the scattering diffuser arranged to diffusely scatter each pixel of the image reconstruction, wherein different pixels of the image reconstruction are scattered differently by the scattering diffuser to create a plurality of different local scattering profiles, each local scattering profile characterised by a shape and orientation, and wherein the plurality of different local scattering profiles combine to create a global scattering profile forming an output of the scattering diffuser;
a rotation apparatus arranged to rotate the scattering diffuser at a rotation speed such that a signal-to-noise ratio and/or speckle contrast of the image reconstruction of the first image is reduced owing to the image reconstruction forming on different parts of the scattering diffuser within the integration time of the human eye, each different part of the scattering diffuser forming a different speckle pattern across the image reconstruction, wherein the scattering diffuser and rotation are coordinated such that the shape and orientation of the respective local scattering profile associated with each pixel of the image reconstruction is constant with rotation of the scattering diffuser; and
a waveguide pupil expander having an input port coupled to the output of the scattering diffuser, wherein a shape and orientation of the input port of the waveguide pupil expander matches the shape and orientation of the global scattering profile.
17 . The head-up display of claim 16 , wherein the orientation of the local scattering profile with respect to the horizontal is substantially the same for all pixels of the image reconstruction on the same straight line from the center of rotation of the scattering diffuser.
18 . The head-up display of claim 17 , wherein each straight line from the center of rotation of the scattering diffuser is characterised by an angle from the horizontal and the orientation of the local scattering profile with respect to the horizontal increases as the angle of the straight line increases.
19 . The head-up display of claim 16 , wherein the shape of each local scattering profile caused by the scattering diffuser is rectangular.
20 . The head-up display of claim 19 , wherein the long dimension of the rectangular local scattering profile is perpendicular to the horizontal for pixels of the image reconstruction on the horizontal straight line from the center of rotation.
21 . The head-up display of claim 16 , wherein the size of the local scattering profile changes with radial distance from the centre of rotation of the scattering diffuser.
22 . The head-up display of claim 21 , wherein the size of the local scattering profile decreases with radial distance from the centre of rotation of the scattering diffuser.
23 . The head-up display of claim 21 , wherein a shape of the local scattering profile changes with radial distance from the center of rotation of the scattering profile.
24 . The head-up display of claim 16 , wherein each side of the global scattering profile formed by combining the plurality of different local scattering profiles has a lobe that tapers outwards in both directions from the centre point of the corresponding side global scattering profile.
25 . The head-up display of claim 24 , wherein the lobes are such that the global scattering profile has a rotational symmetry of order 2 .
26 . The head-up display of claim 25 , wherein the two lines of symmetry of the global scattering profile are perpendicular to each other.
27 . The head-up display of claim 24 , wherein the lobes form two lines of symmetry in the global scattering profile.
28 . The head-up display of claim 24 , wherein each lobe has an edge arranged at an angle relative to the corresponding side of the global scattering profile, the angle being in the range of 0° to 45°.
29 . The head-up display of claim 24 , wherein each side of the global scattering profile has a pair of lobes that are symmetrical about a central point along said side.