Cannabinoid analogs, formulations, and methods of use
Methods are provided for the synthesis of cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidibutol (CBD-C4), dihydrocannabidiol (DCBD), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), analogs thereof, and precursors to the foregoing. One method employs phloroglucinol or a phloroglucinol analog as a starting material. The syntheses are stereospecific, efficient, selective, and cost-effective, with little or no potential for generation of THC ((−)-trans-Δ 9 -tetrahydro-cannabinol) or any other psychoactive side product. Telescoped syntheses are also provided, as are new cannabinoids, pharmaceutical formulations, and methods of use.
1 . A cannabinoid having the structure of formula (EE)
wherein:
q1 is zero or 1, and q2 is zero, 1, or 2;
R 11 is selected from C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, substituted C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, and functional groups, and wherein when n is 2, the R 11 may be the same or different and any two R 11 bound to adjacent carbon atoms may be taken together to form a cyclic structure selected from a five-membered ring and a six-membered ring, optionally fused to an additional five-membered or six-membered ring, wherein the rings are aromatic, alicyclic, heteroaromatic, or heteroalicyclic, and have zero to 4 non-hydrogen substituents and zero to 3 heteroatoms;
R 12 is H, carboxyl, C 2 -C 6 acyloxy, C 2 -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, carboxyl, or halo;
R 13 and R 14 are independently selected from H, C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, substituted C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, and functional groups;
R 15 is methyl, hydroxymethyl, or halomethyl; and
R 16 is selected from —(CH 2 )—NHCH 3 ; —(CH 2 )—NHCH 2 CH 3 ; —(CH 2 )—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 ; —(CH 2 )—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ; —(CH 2 ) 2 —NHCH 3 ; —(CH 2 ) 2 —NHCH 2 CH 3 ; —(CH 2 ) 2 —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 ; —CH 2 ) 2 —NH—(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ; —(CH 2 ) 3 —NHCH 3 ; —(CH 2 ) 3 —NHCH 2 CH 3 ; —(CH 2 ) 3 —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 ; —(CH 2 ) 3 —NH—(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ; and —(CH 2 ) 3 —NH—(CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 .
2 . The cannabinoid of claim 1 , wherein:
q1 is 1, q2 is zero, and the two hydroxyl groups are located meta to R 16 , R 12 is C 1- C 6 alkyl, and R 13 and R 14 are H.
3 . The cannabinoid of claim 2 , wherein R 12 and R 15 are methyl, such that the compound has the structure of formula (EE-1)
4 . A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the cannabinoid of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
5 . The formulation of claim 4 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is a unit dosage.
6 . A method of treating pain and inflammation in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 .
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the compound is in a pharmaceutical formulation additionally comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
8 . A method for treating pain in a patient, comprising co-administering an effective therapeutic amount of the compound of claim 1 and a sub-therapeutic dosage of an opioid analgesic.