METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETECTING AN ANALYTE WITH A BIOMOLECULE
Methods and systems for detecting an analyte with a biomolecule are provided. The method comprises introducing a biomolecule to the object, introducing a substrate to the object, and introducing a solvent to the object. The substrate, biomolecule, and solvent form a mixture on the object. The biomolecule comprises a recognition portion capable to bind with the analyte and a trigger portion capable to participate in an amplifying cascade chemical reaction responsive to the analyte binding with the recognition portion. The method comprises binding the recognition portion of the biomolecule with the analyte. The method comprises chemically reacting the trigger portion of the biomolecule with the substrate via an amplifying cascade chemical reaction to produce an amplified product responsive to the analyte binding with the recognition portion. The method comprises detecting the amplified product, thereby detecting presence of the analyte.
1 . A method for detecting an analyte on an object, the method comprising:
introducing a biomolecule to the object, the biomolecule comprising
a recognition portion capable to bind with the analyte, and
a trigger portion capable to participate in an amplifying cascade chemical reaction responsive to the analyte binding with the recognition portion;
introducing a substrate to the object;
introducing a solvent to the object, wherein the substrate, biomolecule, and solvent form a mixture on the object;
binding the recognition portion of the biomolecule with the analyte;
chemically reacting the trigger portion of the biomolecule with the substrate via an amplifying cascade chemical reaction to produce an amplified product responsive to the analyte binding with the recognition portion; and
detecting the amplified product, thereby detecting presence of the analyte.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the recognition portion comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of a receptor, an antibody, an aptamer, an antigen, a bacterial protein, a nanobody, a single-domain antibody, a glycan-binding protein, a lipid-binding protein, protein-protein interaction, a de novo designed binding protein, and a synthetic polymer.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing a reporter to the object.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the reporter comprises at least one reporter selected from the group consisting of a pH responsive molecule and an oxidative responsive molecule.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the trigger portion comprises at least a portion of at least one element selected from the group consisting of an enzyme, a DNAzyme, a self-amplifying molecular assembly, and a self-immolative polymer.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein binding the recognition portion of the biomolecule with the analyte further comprises activating the trigger portion by at least one process selected from the group consisting of proximity-based association with a second trigger portion and reduction of autoinhibition of the trigger portion.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting the amplified product comprises measuring at least one parameter of the mixture selected from the group consisting of an absorbance, a transmittance, a color, an oxidative potential, a pH, light rotation, refractive index, Raman scattering, chemiluminescence, temperature, and volatile organic chemical content.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the object comprises a surface of a vessel.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the object comprises a surface of a device.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein introducing the biomolecule, introducing the substrate, and introducing the solvent occur simultaneously.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein introducing the biomolecule, introducing the substrate, and introducing the solvent occur simultaneously by spraying.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein introducing the biomolecule and introducing the substrate occur sequentially.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein unbound biomolecule is not removed from the object prior to chemically reacting the trigger portion via an amplifying cascade chemical reaction with the substrate to produce an amplified product responsive to the analyte binding with the recognition portion.
14 . A biomolecule for detecting an analyte, the biomolecule comprising:
a recognition portion capable to bind with the analyte; and
a trigger portion capable to participate in a amplifying cascade chemical reaction responsive to the analyte binding with the recognition portion.
15 . The biomolecule of claim 14 , wherein the recognition portion comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of a receptor, an antibody, an aptamer, an antigen, a bacterial protein, a nanobody, a single-domain antibody, a glycan-binding protein, a lipid-binding protein, protein-protein interaction, a de novo designed binding protein, and a synthetic polymer.
16 . The biomolecule of claim 14 , wherein the recognition portion and the trigger portion are attached by at least one of a covalent bond, hydrogen bonding, Van Der Waals forces, and a polymer.
17 . The biomolecule of claim 14 , wherein the trigger portion is autoinhibited.
18 . The biomolecule of claim 14 , wherein the trigger portion comprises at least a portion of at least one element selected from the group consisting of an enzyme, a DNAzyme, a self-amplifying molecular assembly, and a self-immolative polymer.
19 . A system for detecting an analyte, the system comprising:
the biomolecule of claim 14 ; and
a substrate capable to react with the trigger portion of the biomolecule to produce an amplifying cascade chemical reaction responsive to an analyte binding to the recognition portion.
20 . The system of claim 19 , wherein the system comprises a lyophilized powder.
21 . The system of claim 19 , wherein the system is at least partially a liquid.
22 . The system of claim 19 , further comprising a reporter.