SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING A USER KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR BASKETBALL
The disclosure is directed to systems and methods for providing a user with key performance indicators of a basketball player relating to accuracy, precision and improvement. Specifically, the disclosure is directed to a system of sensors coupled to a basketball backboard adapted to provide an accurate tracking of a shot in a given three-dimensional space and extract features manipulated to yield key performance indicators based on establishing whether, how often and where the ball center passes the rim plane at a sub-cm resolution over a period of no more than 200 msec.
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25 . A system for providing performance indicators of a basketball player to a user, the system comprising:
a sensing module configured to sense three-dimensional coordinate values representing points on a surface of a basketball within a field of view of the sensing module to trace a course of the basketball over a volume in proximity to a hoop rim, the hoop rim perpendicular to a backboard; and
a processing module, in communication with the sensing module, the processing module having at least one processor in communication with a non-volatile memory having thereon a processor-readable medium with a set of executable instructions configured to, when executed by the at least one processor:
for each of a plurality of basketball shots:
(i) determine that the basketball is within the volume;
(ii) determine, using the three-dimensional coordinate values representing the points on the surface of the basketball within the field of view of the sensing module, a location of a center of the basketball;
(iii) repeat (ii) to determine a series of center locations to trace the basketball along respective basketball shots within the volume;
(iv) determine a respective planar location where the series of center positions cross a hoop rim plane of the hoop rim;
(v) combine the respective planar locations determined in (iv) to determine a cluster of shots;
(vi) determine a cluster center of the cluster of shots;
(vii) determine, based on a predetermined point on the hoop rim plane, an offset between the predetermined point and the cluster center; and
(viii) provide to the user, based on the course of the basketball, the hoop rim, and the hoop rim plane, the performance indicators related to the cluster of shots.
26 . The system of claim 25 , further comprising determining an origin of a shot based on the course of the basketball over the volume.
27 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the determining the offset between the predetermined point and the cluster center comprises:
determining an origin area of a shot in the cluster of shots;
determining the predetermined point on the hoop rim plane based on the origin area; and
determining, based on the origin area and the predetermined point on the hoop rim plane, at least one of an improvement for a shooting position or an improvement to a basketball hit location.
28 . The system of claim 27 , wherein the determining the origin area of the shot in the cluster of shots comprises:
determining a full trajectory of the basketball based on a partial trajectory of the basketball, wherein the determining of the full trajectory is applied before and after an arc apogee of the basketball.
29 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the determining the cluster center of the cluster of shots comprises:
obtaining a weighted cluster center, wherein obtaining the weighted cluster center comprises:
for each of the plurality of basketball shots:
(i) determining whether the basketball crossed the hoop rim plane without contacting the hoop rim, wherein the determination increases a weight of a shot in the weighted cluster center;
(ii) determining whether the basketball crossed the hoop rim plane while contacting the hoop rim, wherein the determination decreases the weight of the shot in the weighted cluster center; and
(iii) determining an average of respective arcs of the plurality of basketball shots.
30 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the providing to the user, based on the course of the basketball, the hoop rim, and the hoop rim plane, the performance indicators related to the cluster of shots, comprises:
determining at least one of an exact hit point of the basketball, a shot make, a shot arc, a shot origin, a spin of the basketball, a backboard hit of the basketball, a hoop rim bounce of the basketball, a time the basketball passed through the hoop rim, or a deflection of the basketball in relation to an arc apogee of the basketball.
31 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the performance indicators related to the cluster of shots comprise one or more of a fractional number of shots within the volume that crossed the hoop rim plane, a location where the center of the basketball crossed the hoop rim plane, a size of the cluster of shots, the offset of the cluster of shots from the predetermined point on the hoop rim plane, or an arc angle of the center of the basketball.
32 . A method for providing performance indicators of a basketball player to a user, the method comprising:
sensing, by a sensing module, three-dimensional coordinate values representing points on a surface of a basketball within a field of view of the sensing module to trace a course of the basketball over a volume in proximity to a hoop rim, the hoop rim perpendicular to a backboard; and
for each of a plurality of basketball shots:
(i) determining that the basketball is within the volume;
(ii) determining, using the three-dimensional coordinate values representing the points on the surface of the basketball within the field of view of the sensing module, a location of a center of the basketball;
(iii) repeating (ii) to determine a series of center positions to trace the basketball along respective basketball shots within the volume;
(iv) determining a respective planar location where the series of center positions cross a hoop rim plane of the hoop rim;
(v) combining the respective planar locations determined in (iv) to determine a cluster of shots;
(vi) determining a cluster center of the cluster of shots;
(vii) determining, based on a predetermined point on the hoop rim plane, an offset between the predetermined point and the cluster center; and
(viii) providing to the user, based on the course of the basketball, the hoop rim, and the hoop rim plane, the performance indicators related to the cluster of shots.
33 . The method of claim 32 , further comprising determining an origin of a shot based on the course of the basketball over the volume.
34 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the determining the offset between the predetermined point and the cluster center comprises:
determining an origin area of a shot in the cluster of shots;
determining the predetermined point on the hoop rim plane based on the origin area; and
determining, based on the origin area and the predetermined point on the hoop rim plane, at least one of an improvement for a shooting position or an improvement to a basketball hit location.
35 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the determining the origin area of the shot in the cluster of shots comprises:
determining a full trajectory of the basketball based on a partial trajectory of the basketball, wherein the determining of the full trajectory is applied before and after an arc apogee of the basketball.
36 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the determining the cluster center of the cluster of shots comprises:
obtaining a weighted cluster center, wherein obtaining the weighted cluster center comprises:
for each of the plurality of basketball shots:
(i) determining whether the basketball crossed the hoop rim plane without contacting the hoop rim, wherein the determination increases a weight of a shot in the weighted cluster center;
(ii) determining whether the basketball crossed the hoop rim plane while contacting the hoop rim, wherein the determination decreases the weight of the shot in the weighted cluster center; and
(iii) determining an average of respective arcs of the plurality of basketball shots.
37 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the providing to the user, based on the course of the basketball, the hoop rim, and the hoop rim plane, the performance indicators related to the cluster of shots, comprises:
determining at least one of an exact hit point of the basketball, a shot make, a shot arc, a shot origin, a spin of the basketball, a backboard hit of the basketball, a hoop rim bounce of the basketball, a time the basketball passed through the hoop rim, or a deflection of the basketball in relation to an arc apogee of the basketball.
38 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the performance indicators related to the cluster of shots comprise one or more of a fractional number of shots within the volume that crossed the hoop rim plane, a location where the center of the basketball crossed the hoop rim plane, a size of the cluster of shots, the offset of the cluster of shots from the predetermined point on the hoop rim plane, or an arc angle of the center of the basketball.