Graft polymerization, separators, and batteries including the separators
A non-woven sheet of polyolefin fibers having opposed major surfaces is disclosed. Some areas of one or both of the major surfaces are hydrophilic as a consequence of an acrylic graft polymerized with the surfaces of the fibers in those areas while the fibers in other areas of that major surface are free of the graft and, as a consequence, remain hydrophobic. A battery separator composed of at least two such non-woven sheets is also disclosed, as well as batteries having a separator composed of at least one such non-woven sheet. Also disclosed is a non-woven sheet of polyolefin fibers where opposed major surfaces of the sheet are hydrophilic as a consequence of such an acrylic acid graft, but the ion exchange coefficients of the two major surfaces are different.
1. A battery separator composed of at least two sheets, each of which is a non-woven sheet of polyolefin fibers having opposed major surfaces, wherein some areas of one of the major surfaces of said sheets are hydrophilic as a consequence of a vinyl monomer graft polymerized with the surfaces of the fibers in those areas, said vinyl monomer being one which is capable of reacting with an acid or a base to form a salt directly or indirectly so that the product of the graft polymerization reaction can function as an ion exchange material, while the fibers in other areas of that major surface are free of the graft and, as a consequence, remain hydrophobic, and wherein a major surface of one of the sheets contacts and is substantially coextensive with a major surface of another of the sheets.
2. A battery separator as claimed in claim 1 which is composed of a first and a second non-woven sheet, wherein the polyolefin fibers of which said first sheet is composed are different from the polyolefin fibers of which said second sheet is composed.
3. A battery separator as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first non-woven sheet is composed of meltblown polypropylene fibers while said second non-woven sheet is composed of a drylaid mixture of polypropylene fibers and polyethylene/polypropylene sheath/core fibers.
4. A battery separator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sheets of non-woven fabric between alternate ones of said positive and negative plates are attached to one another.
5. A battery comprising a case, alternate negative and positive plates in said case, positive and negative terminals, suitable electrical connections among said plates and said terminals, and battery separator as claimed in claim 4 between alternate ones of said positive and negative plates.
6. A battery comprising a case, alternate negative and positive plates in said case, positive and negative terminals, suitable electrical connections among said plates and said terminals, and battery separator as claimed in claim 1 between alternate ones of said positive and negative plates.
7. A battery as claimed in claim 6 wherein said separator material includes one sheet of glass fiber separator.
8. A valve regulated lead acid battery comprising a case, alternate negative and positive plates in said case, positive and negative terminals, suitable electrical connections among said plates and said terminals, and separator material between alternate ones of said positive and negative plates that is a non-woven sheet of polyolefin fibers having opposed major surfaces wherein some areas of one of the major surfaces are hydrophilic as a consequence of a vinyl monomer graft polymerized with the surfaces of the fibers in those areas, said vinyl monomer being one which is capable of reacting with an acid or a base to form a salt directly or indirectly so that the product of the graft polymerization reaction can function as an ion exchange material, while the fibers in other areas of that major surface are free of the graft and, as a consequence, remain hydrophobic.
9. A battery as claimed in claim 8 in which the sheet has the absorbency, usually from 75 to 95 percent, required for use in a recombinant battery, even in the presence of free electrolyte.