Polyester-based dimethacrylates designed for laminating applications
A laminate formed from a first fiber-reinforced ply joined by a laminating resin composition to a second fiber-reinforced ply. The laminating resin composition is the cured residue of a polyester resin being end-terminated with an alkyl acrylate group and diluted with less than about 35 wt-% styrene. The first fiber-reinforced ply is laminated to the second fiber-reinforced ply with the laminating resin composition by coating a surface of the first ply with an adhesive composition. The coated first ply surface is joined with a surface of the second ply and the adhesive cured. In making the laminating resin composition, unreacted alkyl acrylate can be reacted with an epoxy to push the reaction to completion.
1. A laminate ply formed from a first fiber-reinforcement joined by a laminating resin composition, said laminating resin composition comprising the cured residue of:
one or more of a saturated or aromatic polyester resin being end-terminated by esterification with one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride and diluted with less than about 35 wt-% styrene to spray application viscosity of less than about 500 cps.
2. The laminate ply of claim 1 , wherein said one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride is one or more of methacrylic acid or methacrylic anhydride.
3. The laminate of ply claim 1 , wherein said alkyl groups of said one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride range from C 1 to C 8 groups.
4. The laminate of ply claim 1 , wherein said polyester resin is formulated from a dibasic acid being one or more of glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebasic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, or their corresponding anhydrides; and a glycol being one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl pentane-1,5-diol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentylglycol, cyclohexane dimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentanediol, bis-phenol A, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, dicyclopentadiene glycol, dibrominepentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or tripropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol.
5. The laminate ply of claim 1 , wherein end-terminated polyester resin is further reacted with an epoxide to react with unreacted one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride to speed up the reaction and carry it to completion.
6. The laminate ply of claim 5 , wherein said epoxide is one or more of glycidyl ethers of ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, glycerol, and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane; polyglycidyl ethers of oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, terephthalic acid, 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylic acid, and dimerized linoleic acid; glycidyl ethers of bis-phenol A, bis-phenol F, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isobutane, 1,5-dihydroxy napthalene; modified epoxy resins with acrylate or urethane moieties; glycidlyamine epoxy resins; poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorhydrin); or glycidyl ethers of novolak resins.
7. The laminate ply of claim 1 , wherein said first fiber reinforcement is one or more of glass, carbon, a polymeric fiber.
8. A laminate formed from a first fiber-reinforced ply joined by a laminating resin composition to a second fiber-reinforced ply, said laminating resin composition comprising the cured residue of:
one or more of a saturated or aromatic polyester resin being end-terminated by esterification with one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride end diluted with less than about 35 wt-% styrene to spray application viscosity of less than about 500 cps.
9. The laminate of claim 8 , wherein said one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride is one or more of methacrylic acid or methacrylic anhydride.
10. The laminate of claim 8 , wherein said alkyl groups of said one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride range from C 1 to C 8 groups.
11. The laminate of claim 8 , wherein said polyester resin is formulated from a dibasic acid being one or more of glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebasic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, or their corresponding anhydrides; and a glycol being one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl pentane-1,5-diol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentylglycol, cyclohexane dimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentanediol, bis-phenol A, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, dicyclopentadiene glycol, dibrominepentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or tripropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol.
12. The laminate of claim 8 , wherein end-terminated polyester resin is further reacted with an epoxide to react with unreacted one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride to speed up the reaction and carry it to completion.
13. The laminate of claim 12 , wherein said epoxide is one or more of glycidyl ethers of ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, glycerol, and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane; polyglycidyl ethers of oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, terephthalic acid, 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylic acid, and dimerized linoleic acid; glycidyl ethers of bis-phenol A, bis-phenol F, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isobutane, 1,5-dihydroxy napthalene; modified epoxy resins with acrylate or urethane moieties; glycidlyamine epoxy resins; poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin); or glycidyl ethers of novolak resins.
14. The laminate or claim 8 , wherein said first fiber reinforcement is one or more of glass, carbon, a poylymeric fiber.
15. A method for laminating first fiber-reinforced ply joined to a second fiber-reinforced ply with a laminating resin composition, which comprises the steps of:
(a) coating a surface of said first ply with a laminating resin composition comprising one or more of a saturated or aromatic polyester resin being end-terminated by esterification with one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride and diluted with less than about 35 wt-% styrene to spray application viscosity of less than about 500 cps; and
(b) joining said coated first ply surface with a surface of said second ply; and
(c) curing said adhesive.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride is one or more of methacrylic acid or methacrylic anhydride.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein said polyester resin is formulated from a dibasic acid being one or more of glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebasic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, or their corresponding anhydrides; and a glycol being one or more of ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl pentane-1,5-diol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentylglycol, cyclohexane dimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentanediol, bis-phenol A, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, dicyclopentadiene glycol, dibrominepentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or tripropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein end-terminated polyester resin is further reacted with an epoxide to react with unreacted one or more of an (alkyl)acrylic acid or an (alkyl)acrylic acid anhydride to speed up the reaction and carry it to completion.
19. The laminate of claim 12 , wherein said epoxide is one or more of glycidyl ethers of ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, glycerol, and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane; polyglycidyl ethers of oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, terephthalic acid, 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylic acid, and dimerized linoleic acid; glycidyl ethers of bis-phenol A, bis-phenol F, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isobutane, 1,5-dihydroxy napthalene; modified epoxy resins with acrylate or urethane moieties; glycidlyamine epoxy resins; poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin); or glycidyl ethers of novolak resins.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein said first fiber reinforcement is one or more of glass, carbon, a poylymeric fiber.