This invention relates to apparatus and methods used in the production of petroleum. The apparatus and methods maintain an amount of oil on oil well casing perforations for improved petroleum production. The apparatus for the production of petroleum includes: a pump intake tube having an opening, an oil anchor generally encircling the pump intake tube, the oil anchor having an open base and vent holes in the oil anchor above the opening of the pump intake tube, a casing generally encircling the oil anchor, and perforations in the casing that are below the opening of the pump intake tube and are above the open base of the oil anchor. The method of petroleum production includes providing a pump intake tube having an opening, providing an oil anchor generally encircling the pump intake tube, the oil anchor having an open base and locating vent holes in the oil anchor above the opening of the pump intake tube, providing a casing generally encircling the oil anchor, and locating perforations in the casing below the opening of the pump intake tube and above the open base of the oil anchor, and pumping a produced fluid comprising petroleum.
1. An apparatus for the production of petroleum, comprising:
a pump intake tube comprising an opening,
an oil anchor generally encircling the pump intake tube, the oil anchor comprising an open base, and vent holes in the oil anchor above the opening of the pump intake tube,
a casing generally encircling the oil anchor,
a casing annulus formed between the casing and the oil anchor, perforations in the casing that are below the opening of the pump intake tube and are above the open base of the oil anchor, wherein the casing annulus is open between the open base of the oil anchor and the opening of the pump intake tube to vent gas entering the perforations.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus maintains an amount of petroleum on the perforations.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a column of oil is formed in the casing annulus to submerse the perforations in oil.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising an extension of additional tubing above the perforations, below the perforations, or both above and below the perforations.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the extension above the perforations provides for adjusting a volume of a column of oil in the casing annulus.
6. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the extension below the perforations provides additional time for gas bubbles to expand, coalesce and separate from produced fluids in the casing annulus.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein scaling, plugging, fouling, or clogging of the perforations is reduced.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising an enhancement of a chemical treatment program in the casing annulus during production to reduce scaling, plugging, fouling, or clogging of the perforations.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus reduces a coning effect of water or maintains an oil-wet rock in a producing formation in an oil-wet condition.
10. An apparatus for the production of petroleum, comprising:
a primary pump intake tube comprising an opening,
an oil anchor generally encircling the primary pump intake tube, the oil anchor comprising a protective cap on the base of the oil anchor, the oil anchor further comprising intake holes, the oil anchor further comprising vent holes above the opening of the primary pump intake tube,
a casing generally encircling the oil anchor, a casing annulus formed between the casing and the oil anchor and
perforations in the casing that are below the opening of the primary pump intake tube and are above the intake holes of the oil anchor, wherein the casing annulus is open between the intake holes of the oil anchor and the opening of the pump intake tube to vent gas entering the perforations.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the base of the oil anchor comprises a sediment shield to prevent intake plug-off in bottom sediment.
12. The apparatus according to claim 10 , further comprising:
a spiral, fluted baffle encircling the oil anchor and forming a baffle annulus between the baffle and the oil anchor.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the baffle annulus provides for separation of gas and petroleum from a produced fluid below the perforations and releases the gas and the petroleum into the casing annulus above the perforations.
14. The apparatus according to claim 12 , further comprising:
an oil sump in fluidic connection with the casing annulus and an anchor annulus formed between the oil anchor and the primary pump intake tube, and
the oil sump in fluidic communication with a secondary pump intake tube.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the fluidic communication between the oil sump and the casing annulus is above the casing perforations.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the fluidic communication between the oil sump and the anchor annulus is above the casing perforations and the opening of the primary pump intake tube.
17. A method of petroleum of production, comprising:
providing a pump intake tube comprising an opening,
providing an oil anchor generally encircling the pump intake tube, the oil anchor comprising an open base, the oil anchor further comprising vent holes above the opening of the pump intake tube,
providing a casing generally encircling the oil anchor,
locating perforations in the casing below the opening of the pump intake tube and above the open base of the oil anchor,
venting gas that enters the perforation through the casing annulus, wherein the casing annulus is open between the open base of the oil anchor and the opening of the pump intake tube, and
pumping a produced fluid comprising petroleum and water.
18. The methods according to claim 17 , further comprising maintaining a column of oil in a casing annulus to submerse the perforations in oil, wherein the casing annulus is between the casing and the oil anchor.
19. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising reducing scaling, plugging, fouling, or clogging of the perforations.
20. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising enhancing a chemical treatment program in the casing annulus during production to reduce scaling, plugging, fouling, or clogging of the perforations.
21. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising minimizing water coning in a producing rock formation.
22. An apparatus for the production of petroleum, comprising:
a pump intake tube comprising an opening,
an oil anchor generally encircling the pump intake tube, the oil anchor comprising an opening, the oil anchor comprising vent holes in the oil anchor above the opening of the pump intake tube,
a casing generally encircling the oil anchor,
a casing annulus formed between the casing and the oil anchor, perforations in the casing that are below the opening of the pump intake tube and are above the opening of the oil anchor, and
the casing annulus is open between the opening of the oil anchor and the opening of the pump intake tube to vent gas entering the perforations.