Method to enhance reproductive performance in poultry

1. A method to enhance reproductive performance in turkeys, comprising:

exposing one or more turkeys during one or more photoperiods to one or more light sources so as to enhance the reproductive performance of the turkeys,

wherein the one or more light sources emit a first wavelength of light for a first period of time, which first wavelength of light is stimulatory for gonadal development of the turkeys, and a second wavelength of light for a second period of time, which second wavelength of light is not stimulatory for gonadal development of the turkeys, wherein the first and the second wavelengths are different, wherein the second period of time is shorter than the first period of time, and wherein the turkeys are exposed to both wavelengths of light during the second period of time.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the poultry are males.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the males have enhanced semen volume or quality.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the poultry are females.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the females have enhanced egg production or enhanced egg mass.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein egg production is enhanced by at least 10%.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first wavelength is greater than 620 nm.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first wavelength is greater than 620 nm and less than 730 nm.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the second wavelength is greater than 490 nm and less than 600 nm.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein one light source is employed to emit both wavelengths.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the light source comprises at least one incandescent or fluorescent lamp with a filter.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the light source comprises at least one high sodium vapor lamp with a filter.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein the light source comprises at least one light emitting diode lamp.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein two light sources are employed to emit the different wavelengths.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein at least one of the light sources comprises an incandescent or fluorescent lamp with a filter.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein at least one of the light sources comprises a high sodium vapor lamp with a filter.

17. The method of claim 14 wherein at least one of the light sources comprises a light emitting diode lamp.

18. The method of claim 14 wherein one of the light sources emits substantially red light.

19. The method of claim 14 wherein one of the light sources emits substantially green light.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein the first period of time is greater than 13 hours.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the second period of time is less than 11 hours.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the first period of time is 14 hours or more.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein the second period of time is 10 hours or less.

24. A method to enhance reproductive performance in poultry, comprising:

exposing one or more turkey during one or more photoperiods to at least two light sources so as to enhance the reproductive performance of the turkey,

wherein a first light source emits a first wavelength of light for a first period of time, which first wavelength of light is stimulatory for gonadal development of the turkeys, wherein a second light source emits a second wavelength of light for a second period of time, which second wavelength of light is not stimulatory for gonadal development of the turkey, wherein the first and the second wavelengths are different, wherein the second period of time is shorter than the first period of time, and wherein the turkeys are exposed to both wavelengths of light during the second period of time.

25. A method to enhance reproductive performance in turkeys, comprising:

exposing one or more turkeys during one or more photoperiods to a first light source which emits substantially red light for greater than 13 hours and to a second light source which emits substantially green-yellow light for less than 11 hours, wherein the turkeys are concurrently exposed to red light when they are exposed to green-yellow light.

26. A method to enhance reproductive performance in turkeys, comprising:

exposing one or more turkeys during one or more photoperiods to a light source which emits substantially red light for greater than 13 hours and emits substantially green-yellow light for less than 11 hours, wherein the turkeys are concurrently exposed to red light when they are exposed to green-yellow light.

27. A method to enhance reproductive performance in turkeys, comprising:

exposing one or more turkeys during one or more photoperiods to a first light source which emits substantially green-yellow light for greater than 13 hours and to a second light source which emits substantially red light for less than 11 hours, wherein the turkeys are concurrently exposed to green-yellow light when they are exposed to red light.

28. A method to enhance reproductive performance in turkeys, comprising:

exposing one or more turkeys during one or more photoperiods to a light source which emits substantially green-yellow light for greater than 13 hours and emits substantially red light for less than 11 hours, wherein the turkeys are concurrently exposed to green-yellow light when they are exposed to red light.

29. The method of claim 25 or 26 wherein the ratio of exposure of substantially red light to substantially green-yellow light is greater than 1.25:1.

30. The method of claim 27 or 28 wherein the ratio of exposure of substantially green-yellow light to substantially red light is greater than 1.25:1.