Histone deacetylase inhibitors
Histone deacetylase inhibitors and uses thereof are provided that have the general formula wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 3 and R 4 are not both hydrogen; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted —C 1-3 alkyl-C(O), a substituted or unsubstituted —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted —C(O)C(O)C 1-3 alkyl; M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion; and L is a substituent comprising a chain of 3–12 atoms connecting the M substituent to the carbon atom alpha to the L substituent.
1. A compound comprising the formula:
wherein
R 1 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of a substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl and C 2-12 aminoalkyl where at least one of the substituents is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyls, C 2-12 oxaalkyls or C 2-12 aminoalkyls and substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered rings;
R 2 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, and —C(O)H and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl;
R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, and —C(O)H and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl, with the proviso that R 3 and R 4 are not both hydrogen;
R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted —C 1-3 alkyl-C(O), a substituted or unsubstituted —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted —C(O)C(O)C 1-3 alkyl; and
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 oxaalkyl or C 2-6 aminoalkyl.
3. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl or C 2-4 aminoalkyl.
4. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, atoms in length.
5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 renders the alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl a branched alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl.
6. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered ring.
7. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
8. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms.
9. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
10. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
11. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of a C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
12. A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
13. A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 comprises a member of the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
14. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted 6 membered ring that is substituted beta relative to R 5 .
15. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 .
16. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 with a substituent selected from the group consisting of a C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl or C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
17. A compound according to claim 1 wherein M comprises a member selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl (—C(O)—CF 3 ), —NH—P(O)OH—CH 3 , sulfonamides (—SO 2 NH 2 ), thiols(—SH), and carbonyl groups having the formula —C(O)—R 7 wherein R 7 is hydroxylamino, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, or an alkyloxy group.
18. A compound according to claim 1 wherein M comprises a hydroxamic acid moiety.
19. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the phenyl ring is meta substituted.
20. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the phenyl ring is para substituted.
21. A compound comprising the formula:
wherein
R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen and R 2 may also be —C(O)H or —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl;
one of R 3 and R 4 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, when the other of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less;
R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl, a substituted or unsubstituted —C 1-3 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted —C 1-3 alkyl-C(O), a substituted or unsubstituted —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted —C(O)C(O)C 1-3 alkyl; and
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion.
22. A compound according to claim 21 wherein one of R 3 and R 4 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl and C 2-12 oxaalkyl where at least one of the substituents is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyls, C 2-12 oxaalkyls or C 2-12 aminoalkyls and substituted or unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered rings and the other of R 3 and R 4 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
23. A compound according to claim 21 wherein R 1 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of a substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl and C 2-12 aminoalkyl where at least one of the substituents is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyls, C 2-12 oxaalkyls or C 2-12 aminoalkyls and substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered rings.
24. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 oxaalkyl or C 2-6 aminoalkyl.
25. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl or C 2-4 aminoalkyl.
26. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, atoms in length.
27. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 renders the alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl a branched alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl.
28. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered ring.
29. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
30. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms.
31. A compound according to claim 23 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
32. A compound according to claim 23 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
33. A compound according to claim 23 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of a C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
34. A compound according to claim 21 wherein the other of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of four or less.
35. A compound according to claim 21 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 comprises a member of the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
36. A compound according to claim 21 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted 6 membered ring that is substituted beta relative to R 5 .
37. A compound according to claim 21 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 .
38. A compound according to claim 21 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 with a substituent selected from the group consisting of a C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
39. A compound according to claim 21 wherein M comprises a member selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl (—C(O)—CF 3 ), —NH—P(O)OH—CH 3 , sulfonamides (—SO 2 NH 2 ), thiols(—SH), and carbonyl groups having the formula —C(O)—R 7 wherein R 7 is hydroxylamino, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, or an alkyloxy group.
40. A compound according to claim 21 wherein M comprises a hydroxamic acid moiety.
41. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen and R 2 may also be —C(O)H or —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl;
R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, and —C(O)H and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl;
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion; and
L is a substituent comprising a chain of 3–12 atoms connecting the M substituent to the carbon atom alpha to the L substituent.
42. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 oxaalkyl or C 2-6 aminoalkyl.
43. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl or C 2-4 aminoalkyl.
44. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, atoms in length.
45. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 renders the alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl a branched alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl.
46. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered ring.
47. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
48. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms.
49. A compound according to claim 41 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
50. A compound according to claim 41 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
51. A compound according to claim 41 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, aminoalkyl, oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
52. A compound according to claim 41 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
53. A compound according to claim 41 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 comprises a member of the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
54. A compound according to claim 41 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted 6 membered ring that is substituted beta relative to R 5 .
55. A compound according to claim 41 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 .
56. A compound according to claim 41 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 with a substituent selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
57. A compound according to claim 41 wherein L comprises a cinnamate moiety.
58. A compound according to claim 41 wherein M comprises a member selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl (—C(O)—CF 3 ), —NH—P(O)OH—CH 3 , sulfonamides (—SO 2 NH 2 ), thiols(—SH), and carbonyl groups having the formula —C(O)—R 7 wherein R 7 is hydroxylamino, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, or an alkyloxy group.
59. A compound according to claim 41 wherein M comprises a hydroxamic acid moiety.
60. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of a substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl and C 2-12 aminoalkyl where at least one of the substituents is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyls, C 2-12 oxaalkyls or C 2-12 aminoalkyls and substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered rings;
R 2 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen and R 2 may also be —C(O)H or —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl;
R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, and —C(O)H and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl, with the proviso that R 4 is not hydrogen;
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion; and
L is a substituent comprising a chain of 3–12 atoms connecting the M substituent to the carbon atom alpha to the L substituent.
61. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 oxaalkyl or C 2-6 aminoalkyl.
62. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-2 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl or C 2-4 aminoalkyl.
63. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, atoms in length.
64. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 renders the alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl a branched alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl.
65. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered ring.
66. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
67. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms.
68. A compound according to claim 60 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
69. A compound according to claim 60 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
70. A compound according to claim 60 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of a C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
71. A compound according to claim 60 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
72. A compound according to claim 60 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 comprises a member of the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
73. A compound according to claim 60 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted 6 membered ring that is substituted beta relative to R 5 .
74. A compound according to claim 60 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 .
75. A compound according to claim 60 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 with a substituent selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
76. A compound according to claim 60 wherein L comprises a cinnamate moiety.
77. A compound according to claim 60 wherein M comprises a member selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl (—C(O)—CF 3 ), —NH—P(O)OH—CH 3 , sulfonamides (—SO 2 NH 2 ), thiols(—SH), and carbonyl groups having the formula —C(O)—R 7 wherein R 7 is hydroxylamino, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, or an alkyloxy group.
78. A compound according to claim 60 wherein M comprises a hydroxamic acid moiety.
79. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen and R 2 may also be —C(O)H or —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl;
one of R 3 and R 4 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, and —C(O)H and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl, when the other of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less, with the proviso that R 4 is not hydrogen;
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion; and
L is a substituent comprising a chain of 3–12 atoms connecting the M substituent to the carbon atom alpha to the L substituent.
80. A compound according to claim 79 wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 comprises a member of the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
81. A compound according to claim 79 wherein R 1 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of a substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl and C 2-12 aminoalkyl where at least one of the substituents is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyls, C 2-12 oxaalkyls or C 2-12 aminoalkyls and substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered rings.
82. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 oxaalkyl or C 2-6 aminoalkyl.
83. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl or C 2-4 aminoalkyl.
84. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, atoms in length.
85. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 renders the alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl a branched alkyl, oxaalkyl or aminoalkyl.
86. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered ring.
87. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
88. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring comprising one or more heteroatoms.
89. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the substituent attached to the substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl or C 2-12 aminoalkyl of R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
90. A compound according to claim 79 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less.
91. A compound according to claim 79 wherein R 2 comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
92. A compound according to claim 79 wherein the other of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of four or less.
93. A compound according to claim 79 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted 6 membered ring that is substituted beta relative to R 5 .
94. A compound according to claim 79 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 .
95. A compound according to claim 79 wherein R 3 comprises a substituted aryl that is substituted meta relative to R 5 with a substituent selected from the group Consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 aminoalkyl, C 2-4 oxaalkyl, —C(O)H, and —C(O)—C 1-3 alkyl.
96. A compound according to claim 79 wherein L comprises a cinnamate moiety.
97. A compound according to claim 79 wherein M comprises a member selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl (—C(O)—CF 3 ), —NH—P(O)OH—CH 3 , sulfonamides (—SO 2 NH 2 ), thiols(—SH), and carbonyl groups having the formula —C(O)—R 7 wherein R 7 is hydroxylamino, hydroxyl, amino, alkylamino, or an alkyloxy group.
98. A compound according to claim 79 wherein M comprises a hydroxamic acid moiety.
99. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen;
R 3 comprises a substituted six membered ring attached to the carbonyl carbon or methylene wherein at least one of the substituents of the six membered ring is beta relative to atom attached to the carbonyl carbon or methylene;
R 4 comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-2 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring;
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion; and
L is a substituent comprising a chain of 3–12 atoms connecting the M substituent to the carbon atom alpha to the L substituent.
100. A compound according to claim 21 wherein the phenyl ring is meta substituted.
101. A compound according to claim 21 wherein the phenyl ring is para substituted.
102. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen;
R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring; and
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion.
103. A compound according to claim 102 wherein the phenyl ring is meta substituted.
104. A compound according to claim 102 wherein the phenyl ring is para substituted.
105. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of a substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 oxaalkyl and C 2-12 aminoalkyl where at least one of the substituents is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyls, C 2-12 oxaalkyls or C 2-12 aminoalkyls and substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered rings;
R 2 comprises a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring;
R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 3 and R 4 are not both hydrogen; and
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion.
106. A compound according to claim 105 wherein the phenyl ring is meta substituted.
107. A compound according to claim 105 wherein the phenyl ring is para substituted.
108. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen;
one of R 3 and R 4 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, when the other of R 3 and R 4 is a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a moiety that has a maximum chain length of non-hydrogen atoms of six or less;
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion.
109. A compound according to claim 108 wherein the phenyl ring is meta substituted.
110. A compound according to claim 108 wherein the phenyl ring is para substituted.
111. A compound comprising the formula
wherein
R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a moiety attached to the nitrogen selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, with the proviso that R 1 and R 2 are not both hydrogen;
R 3 comprises a substituted six membered ring attached to the carbonyl carbon or methylene wherein at least one of the substituents of the six membered ring is beta relative to atom attached to the carbonyl carbon or methylene;
R 4 comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 aminoalkyl or C 2-12 oxaalkyl, and a substituted and unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring;
M is a substituent capable of complexing with a protein metal ion.
112. A compound according to claim 111 wherein the phenyl ring is meta substituted.
113. A compound according to claim 111 wherein the phenyl ring is para substituted.
114. A compound comprising the formula:
wherein
R 1 is a substituted straight chained C 1-12 alkyl where at least one of the substituents is a substituted or unsubstituted 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring;
R 2 is H;
R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;
R 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain C 1-12 alkyl;
R 5 is a carbonyl group;
L is
and
M is
115. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 4 is not hydrogen.
116. A compound according to claim 21 wherein R 4 is not hydrogen.
117. A compound according to claim 105 wherein R 4 is not hydrogen.
118. A compound according to claim 108 wherein R 4 is not hydrogen.
119. A compound according to claim 111 wherein R 4 is not hydrogen.